絮凝剂XN98处理油田聚合物驱含油污水

通过筛选复配得到絮凝剂XN98,该絮凝剂由五种成分组成,其中以无机絮凝剂为主,含有少量有机絮凝剂。该絮凝剂处理油田聚合物驱含油污水效果良好,絮凝剂用量为50 mg/L时,处理后水质可以达到中、高渗透层含聚污水处理指标。絮凝剂XN98处理聚合物驱污水的药剂成本约为0.2元/t,约为PAC（聚铝）的三分之一。     

Sustainable polymer composites: immiscible blends prepared by extrusion of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) and polyamide6,10 with high bio-based content

Components for binary polymer blends were sought to produce an immiscible blend of improved renewable character and with good structural properties. The poly(trimethylene terephthalate) and polyamide6,10 system was selected based on the molecular structure of the molecules and the bio-based origin of the feedstocks. A preliminary study of three compositions in this system demonstrated the similar thermal properties of the two polymers as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the ability of these polymers to be processed together in conventional extrusion equipment to produce blends with micrometer-scale domains. Dispersed phases were observed by electron microscopy near the end members. Available viscosity data and the appearance of columnar blends at the 50/50 composition suggest the possibility of co-continuous blends in close proximity to this composition.     

二元驱污水配聚黏损影响因素分析及控制方法

含油污水中活泼金属离子会对聚合物产生不同程度的降解,导致注入液的黏度损失较大。室内试验表明:水中二价铁、二价硫及硫化亚铁在溶解氧存在的情况下,均会大幅降低聚合物溶液的黏度,0.5mg/L的二价铁或二价硫、1mg/L的硫化亚铁,黏度损失在15%左右。溶解氧为5.17mg/L时,加入9mg/L的二价铁,聚合物溶液的黏度仅为5.48mPa.s,黏度损失超过95%。为减少上述因素对聚合物黏度的影响,利用陈化法、曝气法及化学氧化法等方法均能有效降低含油污水配聚过程中的黏度损失率。     

pH对以PBS为反硝化碳源和生物膜载体去除饮用水源水中硝酸盐的影响

PBS为一种新型可生物降解多聚物(BDPs),可以作为生物膜载体和碳源去除饮用水中的硝酸盐,对该工艺中pH的影响进行了研究.结果表明:PBS颗粒表面可以形成致密的生物膜,对膜内的反硝化菌形成良好的保护作用.PBS反硝化系统承受pH冲击负荷的能力优于传统填料为载体的反硝化系统,当进水pH介于5.0～9.0之间时,反硝化过程中溶液的pH趋向中性,硝态氮的去除速率为0.60～0.63 mg/(g·d),最高达到0.70 mg/(g·d)(pH 7.5～8.0).当溶液中pH在6～8之间时,出水亚硝酸盐不稳定;pH<6时,出水中亚硝酸盐浓度高达0.7 mg/L;pH>8时出水中的亚硝酸盐浓度低于0.1 mg/L.     

对苯二胺印迹聚合材料的合成及在色谱固定相中的应用

以对苯二胺为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,在甲醇水体系中制备了分子印迹聚合物,通过高效液相色谱评价,该聚合物固定相表现出良好的分离选择性,能够对苯二胺与其结构类似物—对氨基苯甲酸,有较好的分离效果。通过对流动相中水含量与色谱分离效果关系的探讨,结果表明,溶质与印迹固定相的疏水作用是分子识别中的主要作用力。     

两亲性共聚物共混PVDF超滤膜的界面性质与抗蛋白质污染的研究

考察了两亲性共聚物聚氧乙烯/聚氧丙烯/聚氧乙烯[PEO-PPO-PEO(F127)]共混聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)铸膜液,在水相凝胶浴中的相转化动力学过程.结合衰减全反射傅立叶转变红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)等表征手段,分析了F127含量在PVDF膜表面的PEO富集率、膜微观形貌及结构参数的影响规律.以静态吸附量、过滤比通量衰减及膜污染阻力模型,评价了F127/PVDF共混膜对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的抗污染性能.结果表明随着F127添加量增大,相转化延迟分相行为增强,膜表面及内部孔径和孔隙率升高,表面粗糙度增大,膜面PEO富集率的增幅在F127含量达15%后趋于稳定.F127含量在15%~25%之间的共混膜有较高的渗透通量和BSA截留率,静态吸附量低,比通量衰减速度慢,不可逆污染指数低,堵孔阻力及滤饼层阻力分布系数小,表现了良好的抗污染性能.     

环保型吸水膨胀聚合物凝胶的合成与评价

吸水性聚合物用于三次采油的机理是依靠这种聚合物在高含水层孔道表面产生的吸附机理与在孔道中形成的动力捕集和物理堵塞作用,在水的浸泡下,吸水性聚合物形成凝胶膨胀体,对大孔道实行封堵,起到调整吸水剖面,提高驱油效率的目的。以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料合成高吸水性聚合物凝胶,研究合成条件对聚合物凝胶吸水性能的影响,确定最佳合成条件为:当丙烯酸含量达到总量的80%左右,交联剂用量占单体总固含量的0.4%、引发剂用量占单体总固含量的0.4%、pH为5~11。实验结果表明:该聚合物凝胶适用于高含水油田调剖堵水,且可以重复使用,对储层无伤害。     

Preparation of magnetic nanocomposite beads and optimizing the conditions for effective removal of U(VI) from aqueous solutions

Magnetic ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) were prepared by precipitate polymerization and leached with HCl to remove uranium. Their ability to remove hexavalent uranium from wastewater effluents was studied. Batch adsorption studies to determine the optimum conditions of U(VI) removal were conducted at different levels of sample pH, sorbent amount, agitation time, and initial uranium concentration. It was observed that, under optimum conditions (i.e. pH 4, adsorbent amount of 50 mg, 45 min agitation time, and initial U(VI) concentration of 2 mg L^?1), the maximum removal of U(VI) cations was >98% and 80% for the magnetic IIP and the corresponding magnetic non-imprinted polymers (NIP), respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to describe the adsorption of U(VI) onto magnetic IIP and NIP. The adsorption capacity of U(VI) was determined to be 1.06 and 0.85 mg g^?1 for the two isotherms, respectively. The order of selectivity was found to be U(VI) > Fe(III) > Pb(II). For six cycles of regeneration and reuse, the magnetic polymers maintained their stabilities with only a 4% loss in the extraction efficiency. The average extraction efficiencies of the magnetic polymers for the spiked acid mine drainage and sewage wastewater effluents were 71% and 58% for the magnetic IIP and NIP, respectively. From powder X-ray diffraction analysis, application of the Scherrer equation yielded magnetic nanoparticles of an average mean diameter of 11.9 nm. Thermo-gravimetric analysis revealed that the HCl-leached magnetic polymers had a magnetite residual weight of 5%.     

聚(丙烯酰胺-二乙烯基苯)对水溶液中刚果红的吸附

通过丙烯酰胺(AM)与二乙烯基苯(DVB)交联聚合制备聚(丙烯酰胺-二乙烯基苯)[Poly(AM-co-DVB)],并对其物理化学性质和吸附性能进行了详细研究.通过FT-IR、TG、SEM研究了该聚合物的结构与热稳定性,考察了Poly(AM-co-DVB)对刚果红的吸附性能与吸附规律,探讨了溶液p H、时间、温度对吸附过程的影响以及AM用量对聚合物吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在p H为7.25,时间为3 h,Poly(AM-co-DVB)对刚果红的最大吸附容量可达319.1 mg·g-1.其吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,吸附动力学过程符合假二阶方程且吸附热力学表明吸附行为是自发的过程.Poly(AM-co-DVB)对刚果红具有优越的吸附性能.     

滤料级配过滤含聚污水数值模拟研究

以磁铁矿滤料与石英砂滤料为填设滤料层的级配模式一直广泛应用于油田含聚污水处理过程中,但这种滤料级配与污水过滤性能之间的影响关系及规律认识却较为缺乏,本文以悬浮粒子吸附与截留形成的聚集特征为切入,定量分析出水水质特性,对含聚污水过滤过程中滤料级配的影响效果展开数值模拟研究。研究认为：磁铁矿滤料层厚度较大的级配模式过滤具有更好的悬浮粒子吸附与截留效果,对更小粒径悬浮粒子过滤能力更优,但滤料填充高度比与过滤效果存在一定适配性;以1.28以上磁铁矿滤料厚度较大的级配模式过滤较低含聚浓度污水、以1.67以上磁铁矿滤料厚度较小的级配模式过滤较高含聚浓度污水,均可以使出水悬浮固体颗粒与油滴含量均低于5mg/L,满足过滤出水水质指标要求。