浅谈混凝剂在气田水处理中的应用

在重庆气矿气田水处理中加入了聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺,其应结果表明,这两种絮凝剂配合使用的效果较好,能达到石油企业废水回注指标(pH值为6～9,SS小于30mg/L,石油类物质少于10mg/L)。分析了两者单独使用的处理结果,针对目前使用中存在的问题,指出应注意的事项,并对今后重庆气矿气田水处理运行中混凝剂的使用提出了建议。     

天然有机高分子絮凝剂DXSL-I应用及环境效应的研究

对自制天然有机高分子絮凝剂DXSL-I实际应用和环境生物效应进行初步的实验研究。实验结果表明,DXSL-I对高浓度油污水具有较高的处理效率;当油份浓度大于2000×10-6g/L时,只需要处理10h,处理效率就能达到60％以上,可用于高浓度油污水的快速预处理。通过生物实验可以明显的观察到,孔雀鱼的LD50约为416×10-6g/L,泥鳅的LD50约为870×10-6g/L,因而可以推定其具有相对较高的环境安全性;而且经过DXSL-I常规浓度处理的养殖用水对某些水产养殖生物的生长具有改善促进作用。表明,DXSL-I在水处理中具有较理想的实际应用前景。     

Preparation and characterization of organic polymer modified composite polyaluminum chloride

Compared with traditional aluminum salts, polyaluminum chloride （PACI） has better coagulation-flocculation performance in turbidity removal. However, it is still inferior to organic polymers in terms of bridging function. In order to improve the aggregating property of PACl, different composite PACl flocculants were prepared with various organic polymers. The effect of organic polymer on the distribution or Al（Ⅲ） species in composite flocculants was studied using ^27TAl NMR and Al-ferron complexation methods. The charge neutralization and surface adsorption characteristics of composite flocculants were also investigated. Jar tests were conducted to evaluate the turbidity removal efficacy of organic polymer modified composite flocculants. The study shows that cationic polymer and anionic polymer have significant influences on the coagulation-flocculation behaviors of PACl. Both cationic and anionic polymers can improve the turbidity removal performancc of PACl but the mechanisms arc much different： cationic organic polymer mainly increases the charge neutralization ability, but anionic polymer mainly enhances the bridging function.     

Nafion交换剂富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测定废水中铬

本文用Nafion交换剂富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测定废水中的Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ),富集底液选用0.01mol NaAc-HAc缓冲液(pH=4.5),测定线性范围为5—100ng/ml,回收率在92—106％之间。对含Cr(Ⅲ)量为25ng/ml试样溶液进行十次平行测定,相对标准偏差为5.9％,特征浓度为2.4ng/ml Cr(Ⅲ),十多种共存离子不干扰测定。     

一种染料废水脱色絮凝剂(PSAM)的制备和效果实验

制备了一种含有金属离子的聚硅酸脱色絮凝剂(简称PSAM)。试验了它对染料废水的脱色效果及对高岭土悬浊液的去浊效果,并与PAC的去浊效果进行了比较。考察了影响PSAM絮凝及脱色效果的因素。实验结果表明,pH在5.5—10.5范围内,PSAM具有良好的去浊效果。PSAM的两个最佳脱色区,在pH为6～8,和pH为13.0左右。与PAC相比,PSAM除具有良好的絮凝效果外,还具有良好的脱色效果。     

聚合铝混凝过程中pH值的计算与调控

本文通过对混凝过程中典型酸碱平衡体系进行分析,提出了对无机离分子絮凝剂聚合铝（PACl）混凝过程中混凝剂投药量与pH值变化关系进行近似计算的方法,并引入了混凝过程水解度的概念。而后根据实验结果进行了进一步的修正。     

Application of nanobalance technique and principal component analysis for detection of the soil fumigant Telone residues in the air

Quartz crystal nanobalance (QCN) technique is considered as a powerful mass sensitive sensor for monitoring of materials in the sub-nanogram level. In the current study, a method based on QCN technique developed to determine Telone in air. Various coating materials including methyl phenyl silicon, 75% phenyl (OV25) and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) were employed. The frequency shift of OV25-modified quartz crystal was found to be linear against organohalogen compounds [Telone (soil fumigant), Koril (Herbicide), Endosulfan (organochlorine insecticide) and Chloroform (solvent)] concentrations in the range of 2.4 to 48 mg L^?1 for Telone vapor and 4.8–24 mg L^?1 for three other vapors. The correlation coefficients for Telone, Koril, Endosulfan and Chloroform were 0.992, 0.996, 0.989 and 0.991, respectively. The principal component analysis was also utilized to process the frequency response data of the organic vapors. Using principal component analysis, it was found that more than 93.85% of the data variance could still be explained by use of two principal components (PC1 and PC2). Subsequently, the successful discrimination of Telone and other compounds was quite possible through the principal component analysis of the transient responses of the OV25-modified electrode. In the second method, a molecularly imprinted polymer-coated sensor for Telone was developed. Molecularly imprinted polymer coated quartz crystal (MIP-QCN) showed a selective response to Telone and gave a linear relationship between frequency shift and amount of Telone from 1 to 48 mg L^?1. In this investigation, the proficiency of MIP-QCN and OV25-modified QCN sensors were compared.     

Synthesis of core-shell magnetic molecular imprinted polymer by the surface RAFT polymerization for the fast and selective removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals from aqueous solutions

In this study, we present a general protocol for the making of surface-imprinted core-shell magnetic beads via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using RAFT agent functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as the chain transfer agent. The resulting composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface-imprinted magnetic beads were demonstrated with a homogeneous polymer films (thickness of about 22 nm), spherical shape, and exhibited magnetic property (Ms = 0.41 mA m² g⁻¹) and thermal stability. Rebinding experiments were carried out to determine the specific binding capacity and selective recognition. The as-synthesized surface-imprinted core-shell magnetic beads showed outstanding affinity and selectivity towards bisphenol A over structurally related compounds, and easily reach the magnetic separation under an external magnetic field. In addition, the resulting composites reusability without obviously deterioration in performance was demonstrated at least five repeated cycles.     

Aromatic Copolyester-based Nano-biocomposites: Elaboration, Structural Characterization and Properties

Biodegradable polymers are one of the most promising ways to replace non-degradable polymers. But, to be a real alternative to classical synthetic polymers and find applications, biopolymer (biodegradable polymer) properties have to be enhanced. Nano-biocomposites, which are obtained by incorporation of nanofillers into a biomatrix, are an interesting way to achieve these improvements. Modified and unmodified montmorillonites have been introduced into a biodegradable aromatic copolyester, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). Structural characterization, thermal and mechanical tests have been carried out to understand better the relations between the nanofillers structuring and the final nano-biocomposite properties. Main results show that clay incorporation and the obtained intercalated structures improve PBAT properties (enhanced thermal stability, increased stiffness) and thus may increase the attractiveness of this biopolymer.     

两性高分子水处理剂的研究进展

本文综述了近年来国内外两性高分子水处理剂的研究进展,并对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议.