飞机用铝合金-CFRP搭接结构的电偶腐蚀预测研究

目的通过有限元仿真,预测飞机复合材料-铝合金搭接试件可能产生的腐蚀部位和腐蚀深度。方法采用动电位极化的方法,测得温度为40℃的5%NaCl溶液中铝合金和复合材料两种材料的极化曲线。以极化曲线及其拟合的电化学动力学参数作为边界条件,建立电偶腐蚀仿真模型。通过模型计算,分别得到两种材料的腐蚀预测结果,将其结果与实验室腐蚀试验结果进行对比。结果电偶试件模型预测得到的电偶电位值与实验测量得到的电偶电位值对比误差为4.2%。搭接试件的腐蚀部位为偶接处3 mm内,其腐蚀分布与搭接件电偶腐蚀模型预测的电位分布规律基本一致,腐蚀深度的预测值和腐蚀实验的实测值对比误差为12.5%。结论该研究的仿真预测结果与试验结果在一定程度上具有一致性,证明了仿真模型的正确性。     

A pilot-scale jet bubbling reactor for wet flue gas desulfurization with pyrolusite

IntroductionIt is a main issue for the environmental protection toreduce SO2emissionfrompower plants in China .Inthe past10 years ,manyflue gas desulfurization(FGD) processes wereavailable for the reduction of SO2emission. The wet FGDprocesses, especially…     

氨/硫铵法烟气脱硫技术特点及市场前景分析

通过对我国二氧化硫污染现状及控制要求的分析,提出了氨/硫铵法作为一种资源回收型脱硫方法,具有反应速度快、工艺流程简单、吸收剂利用率高、适用范围广及可实现资源回收利用的特点;以工程案例的形式分析了氨/硫铵法的技术经济指标,并对氨/硫铵法的应用前景和市场需求进行了预测。     

聚铁混凝-臭氧-BAF对晚期垃圾渗滤液深度处理的研究

联合运用聚铁混凝-臭氧-曝气生物滤池(BAF)对晚期垃圾场的渗滤液进行深度处理。在废水进水COD=601mg/L,色度=400倍时,提出最佳工艺条件:聚铁0.6 mL/L,臭氧用量144 mg/L,BAF停留时间7 h。研究表明,聚铁去除大部分悬浮性有机物,臭氧降解难生物降解有机物并提高废水的可生化性,BAF进一步降解有机物,最终出水COD为75 mg/L,深度处理成本仅为5.5元/t。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液物化深度处理研究

通过Fenton法和结合聚合硫酸铁的混凝作用,实现垃圾渗滤液氧化塘出水COD的深度处理;并利用水泥水化产物的凝胶物质,强化COD去除率。30％H2O2投加量为0．75mL／L、七水硫酸亚铁投加量为1．5g／L、n（H2O2）：n（Fe^2＋）=1．2：1（摩尔比）时,Fenton法对渗滤液COD的去除率可达52％;水灰比为2：1、搅拌24h的水泥水化物将Fenton法的出水pH值从4调至10,该工艺流程总的COD去除率为73．6％,较普通的Ca（OH）2调节法提高9．3％,出水COD可以从进水的1200mg／L降至315mg／L。     

珠江三角洲潮土和水稻土酸缓冲特性试验研究

珠江三角洲潮土和水稻土对不同种类的酸具有一定的缓冲性,不同种类的酸对不同类型土壤的酸化趋势不同。大旺水稻土对酸的敏感性强于龙山潮土,龙山潮土属于稍易受害的稍敏感土壤,大旺水稻土属于易受害的敏感土壤;同一土壤对酸的缓冲能力比对碱的缓冲能力强;不同种类的酸对土壤的敏感性不同,土壤对硝酸的敏感性强于对硫酸的敏感性;土壤加酸后酸缓冲曲线和土壤中铝释放曲线的交点可以作为衡量土壤对酸敏感性的指标,交点越低,敏感性越强;加酸后土壤中铝的释放可以用模型y=nx+k来预测。     

天青石及锶矿中硫酸锶的测定

通过实验，解决了测定天青石中硫酸锶时的不足，结果令人满意。     

Oxidative removal of acetaminophen using zero valent aluminum-acid system: Efficacy, influencing factors, and reaction mechanism

Commercial available zero valent aluminum under air-equilibrated acidic conditions (ZVAl/H⁺/air system) demonstrated an excellent capacity to remove aqueous organic compounds. Acetaminophen (ACTM), the active ingredient of the over-the-counter drug Tylenol^®, is widely present in the aquatic environment and therefore the treatment of ACTM-contaminated water calls for further research. Herein we investigated the oxidative removal of ACTM by ZVAl/H⁺/air system and the reaction mechanism. In acidic solutions (pH < 3.5), ZVAl displayed an excellent capacity to remove ACTM. More than 99% of ACTM was eliminated within 16 hr in pH 1.5 reaction solutions initially containing 2.0 g/L aluminum and 2.0 mg/L ACTM at 25 ± 1\textcelsius. Higher temperature and lower pH facilitated ACTM removal. The addition of different iron species Fe⁰, Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ into ZVAl/H⁺/air system dramatically accelerated the reaction likely due to the enhancing transformation of H₂O₂ to HO. via Fenton's reaction. Furthermore, the primary intermediate hydroquinone and the anions formate, acetate and nitrate, were identified and a possible reaction scheme was proposed. This work suggested that ZVAl/H⁺/air system may be potentially employed to treat ACTM-contaminated water.     

Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Treatment by a Chemical‐Biological Process: Chemical Absorption and Biological Oxidation Steps

In order to remove high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas from anaerobic wastewater treatments in livestock farming, a novel process was evaluated for H₂S gas abatement involving the combination of chemical absorption and biological oxidation processes. In this study, the extensive experiments evaluating the removal efficiency, capacity, and removal characteristics of H₂S gas by the chemical absorption reactor were conducted in a continuous operation. In addition, the effects of initial Fe^2 + concentrations, pH, and glucose concentrations on Fe^2 + oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans CP9 were also examined. The results showed that the chemical process exhibited high removal efficiencies with H₂S concentrations up to 300 ppm, and nearly no acclimation time was required. The limitation of mass‐transfer was verified as the rate‐determining step in the chemical reaction through model validation. The Fe^2 + production rate was clearly affected by the inlet gas concentration as well as flow rate and a prediction equation of ferrous production was established. The optimal operating conditions for the biological oxidation process were below pH 2.3 and 35°C in which more than 90% Fe^3 + formation ratio was achieved. Interestingly, the optimal glucose concentration in the medium was 0.1%, which favored Fe^2 + oxidation and the growth of T. ferrooxidans CP9.     

烟气脱硫溶液中硫酸根的去除

分别采用石灰乳化学沉淀法和低温结晶法去除烟气脱硫溶液中的SO42-。实验结果表明：在室温、CaO溶液质量分数25%的条件下,石灰乳化学沉淀法对SO42-的去除率仅为59.51%,且向溶液中引入了Ca2+,产生的硫酸钙固体废物难以再生利用;采用低温结晶法处理烟气脱硫溶液,在结晶温度7 ℃、结晶时间3 h、NaOH加入量34.8 g/L的条件下,SO42-的去除率为82.04%、滤液中的ρ（Na+）为3.88 g/L。在现场工业应用试验中,采用低温结晶法去除烟气脱硫溶液中的SO42-,平均SO42-的去除率可达70.00%以上,滤液中的ρ（Na+）小于15.00 g/L。该法可有效抑制烟气脱硫溶液中SO42-含量的增加。