Study on the effects of organic matter characteristics on the residual aluminum and flocs in coagulation processes

Characteristics of organic matter may affect the residual aluminum after the coagulation process. This study reported the results of a survey for one drinking water treatment plant and measured the concentration of residual aluminum species with different molecular weights. Survey results indicated that humic acid or organic matter whose molecular weight was smaller than 1500 Da had significant effects on residual aluminum. All the treatment processes were ineffective in removing dissolved organic matter whose molecular weight was smaller than 1500 Da. These results also indicated that the addition of sand or polyacrylamide in the coagulation process could greatly decrease the concentration of humic acid, and the concentration of residual aluminum also decreased. These results revealed that for all water samples after filtration, the majority of total residual aluminum existed in the form of total dissolved aluminum, accounting for 70%–90%. The concentration of residual aluminum produced in bovine serum albumin solutions indicated that when the DOC was larger than 4.0 mg/L, there were still significant differences when the solution pH value varied from 4.0 to 9.0.     

海水中铜试样溶出的铜离子对铝合金腐蚀的影响

目的研究在海水中暴露的铜试样溶出的铜离子对邻近铝合金腐蚀的影响。方法采用海水暴露试验方法。结果在青岛和厦门海水中获得了4种铝合金在铜试样邻近暴露1年的腐蚀结果。结论在海水中暴露的铜试样溶出的铜离子使邻近海水的铜离子浓度升高。对在试验期间没发生局部腐蚀的LF3M,180YS和LC4CS(BL),铜试样溶出的铜离子对其腐蚀没影响。对在试验期间发生点蚀和缝隙腐蚀的铝合金LD2CS,铜试样溶出的铜离子显著加速了它的腐蚀。     

铝合金表面阳极化层环境损伤失效行为研究

目的研究7B04铝合金硫酸阳极化层环境作用下的失效行为,分析单独盐雾试验和环境谱作用下阳极化层的损伤行为和影响因素。方法通过中性盐雾试验和环境谱周期性试验(盐雾试验+温度试验)研究了硫酸阳极化层在不同腐蚀时间或不同腐蚀周期下的腐蚀损伤变化过程,并采用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了不同腐蚀时间下或不同腐蚀周期下的表面形貌,结合有限元方法研究了阳极化层与铝合金基体热膨胀系数不匹配引起的热应力,定量分析了热应力对阳极化层失效行为的影响。结果经历中性盐雾试验和环境谱试验的硫酸阳极化层损伤失效现象是不一样的,中性盐雾试验中硫酸阳极化层主要呈鼓起开裂失效,而环境谱试验中硫酸阳极化层以开裂剥落失效为主。结论中性盐雾试验中硫酸阳极化层主要是腐蚀介质通过表面微孔进入基体,导致基体腐蚀阳极化层鼓起,而环境谱试验因温度作用产生的热应力引起了硫酸阳极化层的开裂,形成了腐蚀介质进入基体的通道,引起阳极化层的剥落。     

聚合硫酸铁絮凝剂的绝热合成研究

本文通过对聚合硫酸铁（ＰＦＳ） 的动力学研究，发现ＰＦＳ的合成温度控制在５０ ℃以上就显著地提高了反应速度，缩短了反应周期。当相对水量Ｃ＝ ４ ．５ ～５ ．５ 时，采用工业级硫酸亚铁为原料，在催化氧化作用下，可以实现ＰＦＳ 的绝热合成工艺，去除加热设备，优化工艺过程。与直接氧化法ＰＦＳ相比，绝热法聚合硫酸铁（ＨＰＦＳ） 具有更优的混凝性能。     

硫酸盐废水厌氧处理中限制因子的探讨

归纳分析了两种硫酸盐废水的厌氧处理相关的研究数据和结果，着重阐述了碳硫比值、硫酸盐负荷率、pH等因子对系统的影响。     

改性聚合硫酸铁的絮凝特性及其应用

本文较详细地介绍了改性聚合硫酸铁的絮凝机理、净水性能、质量指标、应用范畴及其注意事项,并使用珠江水对几种主要的无机高分子絮凝剂进行了性能测试,结果表明,改性聚合硫酸铁的生产成本最低,净水效果却最显著.     

Importance of Sulfate Aerosol in Evaluating the Relative Contributions of Regional Emissions to the Historical Global Temperature Change

During the negotiations of the KyotoProtocol the delegation of Brazil presentedan approach for distributing the burden ofemissions reductions among the Partiesbased on the effect of their cumulativehistorical emissions on the global-averagenear-surface temperature. The Letter tothe Parties does not limit the emissions tobe considered to be only greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions. Thus, in this paper weexplore the importance of anthropogenicSO_x emissions that are converted tosulfate aerosol in the atmosphere, togetherwith the cumulative greenhouse gasemissions, in attributing historicaltemperature change. We use historicalemissions and our simple climate model toestimate the relative contributions toglobal warming of the regional emissions byfour Parties: OECD90, Africa and LatinAmerica, Asia, and Eastern Europe and theFormer Soviet Union. Our results show thatfor most Parties the large warmingcontributed by their GHG emissions islargely offset by the correspondingly largecooling by their SO_x emissions. Thus,OECD90 has become the dominant contributorto recent global warming following itslarge reduction in SO_x emissions after1980.     

Resistance of pulmonate snail populations to repeated treatments of copper sulfate

Two species of pulmonate snails,Lymnaea cat-ascopium andPhysa integra, were collected from Douglas and Houghton Lakes. Snail populations from the former lake (pristine) had never been exposed to copper sulfate, whereas those from the latter one (treated) had been subjected to the molluscicide for more than 40 years. Molluscs from the treated lake were more resistant to the copper at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 ppm than those from the pristine lake. Furthermore, larger lymnaeids had a higher survival rate than smaller ones.     

新过滤法测定清洁水样中硫酸盐的探讨

采用新的过滤法测定清洁水样硫酸盐，精密度和准确度较好，易于操作，空白吸光度既稳定又低，其分析指标符合水质分析要求。     

The Fate of Endosulfan in Water

Although the use of endosulfan to control cotton pests has declined, this insecticide still has widespread application in agriculture and can contaminate riverine systems as runoff from soil or by aerial deposition. The degradation of endosulfan in pure water at different pH values of 5, 7 and 9 and in river water from the Namoi and the Hawkesbury rivers of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, was studied in the laboratory. Endosulfan transformation into endosulfan sulfate in river water using artificial mesocosms was also investigated. The results show endosulfan is stable at pH 5, with increasing rates of disappearance at pH 7 and pH 9 by chemical hydrolysis. Incubation of endosulfan with river water at pH 8.3 resulted in the disappearance of endosulfan and the formation of endosulfan diol due to the alkaline pH as well as formation of endosulfan sulfate. Although the degradation of endosulfan by Anabaena, a blue-green alga, did not result in the transformation of endosulfan to endosulfan sulfate, we conclude that other microorganisms catalyzed the formation of the sulfate. Significant conversions of endosulfan into endosulfan sulfate were also reported from associated field studies using artificial mesocoms containing irrigation water from rivers inhabitated by micro-macro fauna. From these results, we conclude that the presence of endosulfan sulfate in river water cannot be used to distinguish contamination by runoff from soil from contamination by aerial drift or redeposition.