THE IMPACT OF STOCKWATERING PONDS (STOCKPONDS) ON RUNOFF FROM LARGE ARIZONA WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT: Major water rights adjudications involving the Little Colorado River Basin and Gila River Basin are presently underway within Arizona. Water resource managers are faced with the prospect of evaluating and regulating tens of thousands of water diversions and uses. Stockponds comprise a large percentage of the total number of water diversions within these basins. Water balance studies conducted on the Little Colorado River watershed above Lyman Lake and on the Gila River watershed above Solomon, Arizona, indicate that the impact of stockponds on the water available to downstream users is insignificant when compared to total watershed production. Considering that there are an estimated 25,000 stockponds in the Gila River basin alone, rigorous case-by-case investigations and stringent regulation of individual stockponds may be impractical and unwarranted. Therefore, stock-pond claims within the context of the general adjudication process may be effectively handled by partial summary judgment, thereby allowing the court to concentrate on major water users and water rights issues.     

A STUDY OF RESIDENTIAL STORMWATER IMPOUNDMENTS: PERCEPTIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS1

ABSTRACT: The traditional solution to stormwater runoff from housing developments has been stormwater sewer systems. A newer and increasingly popular solution is some sort of impoundment or “lake” within the development, which is thought to be cheaper, to provide recreation, to improve the aesthetics of the environment, and to increase property values. Little is known of the acceptability of these to public officials, developers, or potential residents, or of their policy implications. Two such developments in Mississauga, Ontario, were studied, in terms of the perceptions and opinions of a random sample of residents and of officials who had been involved in their planning and management. The areas have attracted a relatively young group, just beginning their child-bearing years, with relatively high income and education. The lakes appear to be popular, and relatively successful, especially the one which provides more recreational opportunities, and which has had fewer maintenance problems. The major problems are visual and safety. The City, and to some extent the developers, are seen as the appropriate groups to manage and maintain the lakes. Some suggestions, based on residents' and officials' responses, are presented for future designs and policy formulation.     

PREDICTING IMPACTS FROM WATER CONSERVATION AND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ON THE SALTON SEA,CALIFORNIA1

ABSTRACT: An input-output model was developed to predict changes in Salton Sea salinity and water level until the year 2000 due to proposed water conservation efforts and geothermal and solar pond energy developments. The model SALINP provided good agreement with the observed salinities for 1960–80. While SALINP was not overly sensitive to one-year changes in any of the major inputs, a change in the historical means of the Imperial Valley runoff and evaporative loss inputs produced a significant effect on future predictions. The proposed water conservation measures caused the predicted Salton Sea salinity for 2000 to greatly exceed 40,000 ppm, the level at which adverse effects to wildlife are believed to occur. The possible geothermal development also produced predicted salinities considerably above 40,000 ppm. The salinity predictions for solar ponds by themselves and in conjunction with geothermal development were below 45,000 ppm for 2000. The solar pond and geothermal combination also resulted in a predicted lowering of the “natural” water level by 5 to 7 feet by 2000.     

安全土地填埋技术在我国的应用

沈阳市固体废物处置中心对工业危险废物采用了安全土地填埋技术 ,它的主要特点是安全、工艺简单、可操作性强。能够杜绝危险废物渗析液下渗污染地下水 ,同时又避免了危险废物污染环境卫生。本文主要以沈阳工业危险废物处置填埋场为例 ,介绍安全土地填埋的技术要求、设计要点等     

数字尾矿库系统结构及功能实现方法

我国三等以上尾矿库均建成了尾矿库在线监测系统,为进一步提升尾矿库管控水平,提出可在在线监测系统基础上建设数字尾矿库工程的思路。数字尾矿库工程是借助全数字测量、遥感、地理信息系统或全球定位系统等现代化手段采集基础数据,实现尾矿库地形地势、水文气象、监测监控、调洪、尾矿坝稳定、风险分析、设备设施管理、应急培训等功能有机集成的统一管控平台。在总结数字尾矿库研究现状的基础上,借鉴水利水电工程中数字黄河、数字长江工程建设理论和方法,研究了数字山谷型尾矿库系统的功能和实现方法,提出了数字山谷型尾矿库系统的结构框架,并对数字平台建设、调洪演算实现、坝体稳定在线分析预警及应急培训等子系统的实现方法进行了深入研究,研究成果可为后期数字尾矿库建设提供参考。     

Temperature Measurement and Stratification in Facultative Waste Stabilisation Ponds in the UK Climate

Temperature measurements were taken at three pilot-scale facultative ponds located at Esholt wastewater treatment works in West Yorkshire, UK over two one-year periods. The measurements were taken at different depths using a technology called Thermochron iButton. The iButton readings were compared with temperature measurements taken by a YSI sonde probe and maximum/minimum thermometers: they were found to be within 1 .C. In the temperature range 3.18 .C the mean weekly and monthly air temperatures were found to be good predictors for the mean weekly and monthly pond water-column temperatures. The level of stratification in the ponds under UK climatic conditions was assessed; the data revealed that the ponds remained thermally stratified for significant periods during the year despite their shallow depth.     

稳定塘的数学模型和技术参数

为系统掌握稳定塘的设计、运行规律,应用国家“六五”科技攻关９个稳定塘中试基地的运行数据,通过数据分析、综合,总结出稳定塘的数学模型和技术参数。确定了稳定塘型的依据,提出了全国范围稳定塘负荷的设计值。      

Small farm ponds: overlooked features with important impacts on watershed sediment transport

Despite their size, small farm ponds are important features in many landscapes. Yet hydrographical databases often fail to capture these ponds, and their impacts on watershed processes remain unclear. For a 230‐km² portion of central Texas, United States (U.S.), we created a historical inventory of ponds and quantified the accuracy of automated detection methods under varying drought conditions. In addition, we documented pond dredging/enlargement events and identified sites that had been abandoned. We also analyzed sediment cores from downstream reservoirs to track changes in watershed sediment transport. Over 75 years, pond densities increased more than 350% — to among the highest documented in the U.S. — and the ability of automated methods to detect these ponds was highly dependent on drought severity (R² = 0.96). Approximately 5% of ponds present in the 1950s were no longer present in 2012, while 33% were dredged between 1937 and 2012. Downstream reservoir sedimentation has decreased by an average of 55% as ponds have increased in number. These findings suggest that small ponds and the maintenance of trapping efficiency have large‐scale impacts on sediment dynamics. Accurately accounting for these storage effects is vital to water resource planning efforts.     

亳清河水体细菌群落的结构和分布特征

城镇生活和工业生产均会对水生环境中细菌群落的结构和分布产生影响.亳清河是黄河小浪底水库的重要支流,流经铜尾矿库和城镇,为了厘清亳清河水体中的细菌群落结构和分布特征,通过采集亳清河沿线具有空间代表性的水体样品,分析亳清河水体中细菌群落的多样性特征,探讨了其与重金属等环境因子的响应关系.结果表明,亳清河下游细菌群落丰富度和多样性高于上游,表现出先降后升的趋势,在汇入小浪底水库之前达到峰值,在铜尾矿库及其附近水体中具有最低的群落丰富度和多样性;变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、Limnohabitans、假单胞菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)分别是亳清河水体中的主要优势菌门和主要优势菌属;不动杆菌属在城镇水体中具有最高的相对丰度,其与TC显著正相关;黄杆菌属与As具有共现性且显著正相关,As对亳清河流域致病菌的传播可能具有促进作用.研究结果对多因素影响下的水体健康评估具有重要...