应用多孔玻璃膜分离水中纳米有机胶体质的研究

应用新型的硼硅酸多孔玻璃膜（porous glass)于错流超滤（cross-flow ultrafiltration）系统中，分离出30－300nm有机质胶体。分别试验孔径为30nm、50nm和100nm等多孔玻璃膜对一些标准有机大分子的截留率。实验结果显示过滤溶液的酸度、温度、盐度对该分离膜的分离性能影响甚微。     

孔隙含水介质的Pb分配系数

Pb分配系数是描述Pb在地下水中迁移性质的重要参数。研究对象和目的不同 ,计算Pb分配系数的方法也不同。静态吸附平衡实验方法简便易行 ,适用于计算不同岩性的Pb分配系数 ;动态土柱实验方法难度较大 ,主要用于建立Pb迁移方程 ;阳离子交换系数方法计算过程复杂 ,适用于解决野外实际问题。     

Infiltration and redistribution of LNAPL into unsaturated layered porous media

Enhanced understanding of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) infiltration into heterogeneous porous media is important for the effective design of remediation strategies. We used a 2-D experimental facility that allows for visual observation of LNAPL contours in order to study LNAPL redistribution in a layered porous medium. The layers are situated in the unsaturated zone near the watertable and they are inclined to be able to observe the effect of discontinuities in capillary forces and relative permeabilities. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment consisted of LNAPL infiltration into a fine sand matrix with a coarse sand layer, and the second experiment consisted of a coarse sand matrix and a fine sand layer. The numerical multi-phase flow model STOMP was validated with regard to the experimental results. This model is able to adequately reproduce the experimental LNAPL contours. Numerical sensitivity analysis was also performed. The capillarity contrast between sands was found to be the main controlling factor determining the final LNAPL distribution.     

大孔阴树脂及其白球对水中低浓度苯酚吸附行为的研究

研究了作为高分子材料的大孔阴树脂及其对应白球对水中低浓度苯酚的吸附行为，详细考察了吸附过程的吸附容量、速度等吸附参数以及ｐＨ、Ｃａ＾２＋、腐殖质等因素对吸附的影响，并对试验结果从理论上进行了分析与探讨。     

Water purification with sintered porous materials fabricated at 400℃ from sea bottom sediments

A sintering technology for preparing porous materials from sea bottom sediments was developed for use in water purification. The purpose of the present study was to develop methods for converting the sea bottom sediments dredged from Ago Bay into value-added recycled products. The sintered products fabricated at 400℃ were found to be very effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals.     

酸预处理对整体式催化剂载体性能的影响研究

通过使用不同浓度,不同类型的酸溶液,在不同条件下对堇青石载体进行预处理,考察了酸预处理前后载体本征性能的改变和对甲苯催化性能的影响,测试了其失重率,吸水率,上载率本征性能,并通过XRF,BET,SEM等手段进行表征测试分析.结果发现,通过使用20% HCl对堇青石载体进行加热处理3h,可获得最优性能的堇青石载体.吸水率较处理前可提升48.0%以上,活性组分上载率可达14.5%,皮尔逊检验表明吸水率与上载率存在中度正相关的相关性.通过对甲苯催化活性测试,其结果表明,通过酸预处理,堇青石载体比表面积提升10倍以上,由其制得的整体式催化剂催化降解甲苯的T₁₀和T₉₀分别为142和200℃.     

Superior CO2 uptake on nitrogen doped carbonaceous adsorbents from commercial phenolic resin

In this study, N-doped porous carbons were produced with commercial phenolic resin as the raw material, urea as the nitrogen source and KOH as the activation agent. Different from conventional carbonization-nitriding-activation three-step method, a facile two-step process was explored to produce N-incorporated porous carbons. The as-obtained adsorbents hold superior CO₂ uptake, i.e. 5.01 and 7.47 mmol/g at 25?°C and 0?°C under 1 bar, respectively. The synergistic effects of N species on the surface and narrow micropores of the adsorbents decide their CO₂ uptake under 25?°C and atmospheric pressure. These phenolic resin-derived adsorbents also possess many extremely promising CO₂ adsorption features like good recyclability, quick adsorption kinetics, modest heat of adsorption, great selectivity of CO₂ over N₂ and outstanding dynamic adsorption capacity. Cheap precursor, easy preparation strategy and excellent CO₂ adsorption properties make these phenolic resin-derived N-doped carbonaceous adsorbents highly promising in CO₂ capture.     

磁性共价有机框架的制备方法研究

磁性共价有机框架（magnetic covalent organic framework,MCOFs）是一种新型多孔结晶有机框架材料,由于其结合了磁性纳米颗粒和共价有机框架（covalent organic frameworks,COFs）的优点,具有比表面积大、热稳定性和化学稳定性良好、饱和磁化强度高等特点,能够快速实现污染物与溶液的分离,弥补了COFs难以分离和回收的缺点,因此在磁性固相萃取、生物检测、传感等方面具有巨大的潜在应用.然而关于MCOFs制备方法的文章鲜见报道,其制备方法根据磁性纳米颗粒与COFs不同的连接形式而不尽相同,根据2011—2019年关于MCOFs的重要文献,综述了目前MCOFs的制备方法,包括包覆法、单体聚合法及原位合成法等,指出了不同制备方法的优缺点,同时探讨了MCOFs今后的发展方向和潜在应用,希望能够为MCOFs研究提供理论依据.包覆法制备条件较温和,保存了磁性纳米颗粒的完整性,是最为广泛应用的一种策略方法;单体聚合法操作简单,但制备条件苛刻,可控性不强;原位合成法制备MCOFs更多依赖于单体聚合法制备的共价三嗪骨架,需要不断开发基于其他类型COFs的MCOFs制备条件.今后MCOFs的制备方法应从材料设计多样性、应用广泛性等方面进行考虑,并向有望实现大规模工业应用方面发展.      

微生物在多孔介质中环境行为研究

多孔介质中的致病细菌及病毒等病原微生物迁移研究对保护饮用水资源具有重要意义.在归纳总结国内外已有研究资料的基础上,对微生物在多孔介质中迁移行为进行了分析.研究表明病原微生物作为生物胶体的一种,在迁移过程中受多种迁移机制共同作用.除常见水动力条件和水化学条件外,微生物在迁移过程中还受自身性质,介质颗粒及环境因素的影响.在此基础上,分别讨论了微生物在饱和多孔介质与非饱和多孔介质中的迁移行为,并对近年来研究热点及进展进行了简要概括.目前微生物在地下水中迁移研究日益丰富,但由于地下环境复杂性,微生物的易变异性,对于地下水系统中微生物造成的污染去除修复还需进一步探讨.     

磁性壳聚糖凝胶微球对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

以壳聚糖为原材料,通过原位共沉淀法和柠檬酸钠交联法制备了一种新型多孔磁性壳聚糖凝胶微球吸附剂CS-citrate/Fe₃O₄.利用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TG）对吸附剂进行了表征.结果表明,吸附剂内部具有发达的孔隙结构,并均匀分布有平均直径为（4.79±1.09）nm的Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒;吸附剂中引入Fe₃O₄后,仍存在羟基、氨基和羧基等功能基团,且吸附剂磁性良好可用于磁场分离;吸附剂对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附等温线和动力学研究表明,吸附过程以化学吸附为主,最大吸附容量可达178.25mg/g.