三步法处理大港油田12井综合废水的实验研究

根据大港油田12井综合废水的污染特征,提出了"混凝-内电解-H2O2氧化"三步处理的方法。实验结果表明:三步法处理后可以使原水的CODcr从4930mg/L降低到128mg/L,去除率达到97%。处理后水质达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)二级标准要求。     

外力作用下管道内表面缺陷处裂纹扩展研究

为提高油气管道安全风险评估的准确性,以含内表面缺陷管道为研究对象,利用ABAQUS软件线弹性及弹塑性分析不同尺寸缺陷对裂纹萌生特征的影响;采用扩展有限元法,建立管道3点弯曲模型与全尺寸静载物理试验,并非线性拟合裂纹扩展尺寸,研究内表面缺陷处裂纹扩展情况.研究结果表明:内表面缺陷中心处极易萌生裂纹,随着缺陷尺寸的增大,裂...     

VPT511BF-SY多孔流速仪在烟气流量在线监测中的应用

针对目前国内基于单个探头的单点在线测试烟气流量与参比方法监测比对合格率不高的问题,提出一种新颖的基于平均差压皮托管法的多孔流速仪,通过对不同的安装位置及安装数量的多孔烟气流速仪的烟气在线流量监测结果与手工监测结果进行比对,验证在适当位置安装一定数量的多孔烟气流速仪可以确保与手工监测比对结果满足要求。     

剑麻纤维基多孔炭材料的制备及其吸附氯苯的研究

以剑麻纤维为原料,通过简易的一步炭化活化法制备了一系列多孔炭材料,分别探究了3种温和的金属盐活化剂、活化剂与剑麻纤维的质量比和活化温度对炭材料的氯苯吸附量的影响,并通过BET、SEM、XRD、Raman、FT-IR、元素分析等手段表征其物理化学性质.结果表明,当采用CuCl₂为活化剂、CuCl₂与剑麻纤维的质量比为10∶1及活化温度为800℃时,制备得到的剑麻纤维基多孔炭(PCC)吸附性能最佳,其在氯苯浓度为1560 mg·m^-3时,吸附量达到856 mg·g^-1,而未经CuCl₂活化的炭材料(PC)的氯苯吸附量仅为15 mg·g^-1.氯苯吸附性能的提升主要归因于比表面积、孔容、无序性和表面含氧官能团的增加.此外,采用巨正则系综蒙特卡洛(GCMC)方法模拟氯苯分子在制备的多孔炭材料中的吸附行为,结果表明,该材料中孔径为0.5 nm的孔对氯苯分子的吸附能力最强,且对氯苯吸附起主导作用的为苯环中心和Cl原子与炭材料上连接含氧官能团的H原子之间的静电作用力.     

富氧空位/梯次结构CeO2的制备及光催化CO2还原

采用Ce-BTC(均苯三甲酸)为模板,通过尿素溶液浸渍合成了具有富氧空位/梯次结构的CeO₂催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和紫外可见漫反射(DRS)等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,与金属有机框架(MOFs)浸渍尿素高温煅烧可以获得金属氧化物/g-C₃N₄复合材料不同,Ce-BTC/尿素体系煅烧后产品中未检测到g-C₃N₄,这可能与CeO₂的存在抑制了尿素分解产物的热缩聚过程,影响了g-C₃N₄的生成有关,但尿素的引入改变了Ce-BTC煅烧产物CeO₂的氧空位浓度,且获得梯次结构.将具有富氧空位/梯次结构的CeO₂-5用于光催化CO₂还原,催化结果表明:反应4h的CO产率可达2.06μmol/g,CH₄产率可达1.42μmol/g,性能是Ce-BTC未...     

Penicillin fermentation residue biochar as a high-performance electrode for membrane capacitive deionization

● We have provided an activated method to remove the toxicity of antibiotic residue. ● PFRB can greatly improve the salt adsorption capacity of MCDI. ● The hierarchical porous and abundant O/N-doped played the key role for the high-capacity desalination. ● A new field of reuse of penicillin fermentation residue has been developed. Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is an efficient desalination technology for brine. Penicillin fermentation residue biochar (PFRB) possesses a hierarchical porous and O/N-doped structure which could serve as a high-capacity desalination electrode in the MCDI system. Under optimal conditions (electrode weight, voltage, and concentration) and a carbonization temperature of 700 °C, the maximum salt adsorption capacity of the electrode can reach 26.4 mg/g, which is higher than that of most carbon electrodes. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the PFRB electrode were characterized through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a maximum specific capacitance of 212.18 F/g. Finally, biotoxicity tests have showed that PFRB was non-biotoxin against luminescent bacteria and the MCDI system with the PFRB electrode remained stable even after 27 adsorption–desorption cycles. This study provides a novel way to recycle penicillin residue and an electrode that can achieve excellent desalination.     

Adsorption of simazine on zeolite H-Y and sol–gel technique manufactured porous silica: A comparative study in model and natural waters

In this work, we studied the removal of simazine from both a model and well water by adsorption on two different adsorbents: zeolite H-Y and a porous silica made in the laboratory by using the sol–gel technique. The pH dependence of the adsorption process and the isotherms and pseudo-isotherms of adsorption were studied. Moreover, an iterative process of simazine removal from both the model and well water, which allowed us to bring the residual simazine concentration below the maximum concentration (0.05 mg L^?1) of agrochemicals in wastewater to be released in surface waters or in sink allowed by Italian laws, was proposed. The results obtained were very interesting and the conclusions drawn from them partly differed from what could reasonably be expected.     

DESIGN OF DESALTING PLANTS FOR CONJUNCTIVE OPERATION1

ABSTRACT The selection of an evaporator design must reflect the balancing of captial cost (primarily in heat exchanger surface and vessels) against operating cost (primarily steam cost) to achieve minimum cost. In a conjunctive plant the tendency is to select a low-capital cost, high-operating cost plant. In addition, it is advantageous to use a high-capacity plant which needs to be operated much less of the time than a plant which is sized just at the needed rate. For example, in the study of a possible system to satisfy a future increase of 450 MGD in water supply to New York Qty, a plant of 750 MGD capacity was selected as optimum. This plant, of the advanced VTE-MSF process type, would have a performance ratio of 9 lb product/1000 Btu as compared to 10-13 normally used for base-loaded plants. Steam would be supplied by a multi-unit dual-purpose nuclear power plant. The most economical type of energy supply would be “interruptible”; the steam would be used by a low pressure turbine to generate electricity during periods of peak electrical demand but would be available to the desalting plant at other times. The low pressure turbine would be available as spinning reserve during desalting plant operation. It is estimated that the desalting plant would have a load factor of 27 per cent over its life.     

高喷灌浆加固抛石填海软基

高压旋喷灌浆法是本世纪７０ 年代发展起来的地基处理新技术,在砂性土和粘性土等软弱地层加固工程中已得到广泛应用,但在含有碎石的淤泥质土及穿过它对其下淤泥的加固尚少见,笔者简要介绍了采用钻灌分开两大工序的新双管法及其成功完成加固任务的事例。