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61.
Ghanem I.I.Ibrahim Gu Guowei Zhu Jinfu Tayel S.A. Khairy M.F.A. El-Shimi S. A. 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1997,9(2):149-161
AnaerobicdigestionforwastewaterpoultrymanurebyUBFreactorGhanemI.I.IbrahimAgriculturalEngineeringResearchInstitute,Agricultur... 相似文献
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63.
J. A. Durant D. J. Nisbet S. C. Ricke 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):503-516
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether fermentation by a cecal probiotic co‐culture of an Enterococcus sp. and Veillonella sp. would inhibit the in vitro growth of a S typhimurium poultry isolate. The growth rates of S. typhimurium and Enterococcus were significantly reduced at pH 5. At the two pH levels, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increase at 24 h in colony forming units for each of the bacteria enumerated from the mixed culture compared to the respective pure culture enumerations. S. typhimurium was not inhibited in mixed cultures. The mixed cultures produced more acetate than any of the pure cultures and lactate produced by Enterococcus appeared to be utilized by Veillonella. 相似文献
64.
This research is aimed at addressing the complaints of local people living near chicken farms who are disturbed by odors caused by livestock activities, and specifically, by the generation of ammonia gas from chicken manure. Methods that are expected to reduce the intensity of ammonia gas odors include both scattering lime on the surface of the soil and planting soybeans around the cages. The results obtained showed a reduction in the levels of ammonia gas by 57.48%–from 1.67 parts per million (ppm) near an untreated cage to 0.71 ppm near the cage that achieved the best results. The study found that spreading lime evenly over the chicken manure was the most effective method that farmers could use to reduce ammonia odors. The sample area treated by the addition of soybean plants showed a reduction in the levels of ammonia gas from 1.67 to 0.78 ppm. 相似文献
65.
基于日平均养殖量的畜禽养殖排污系数法的改进 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
传统的畜禽养殖排污系数污染负荷计算方法受养殖规模浮动影响,计算结果精度不高,只能计算整年污染负荷且无法计算某时段污染负荷。在分析传统畜禽产污系数法缺陷的基础上,探讨了日平均养殖量取代年养殖量的计算模式。依据不同类型畜禽养殖的周期特点,提出了各种类型畜禽养殖排污系数污染负荷计算公式和方法。最后,利用2008—2009年天津市宁河县生猪养殖污染负荷计算实例,对比分析了两种计算方法。结果表明,基于日平均养殖量的产污系数计算方法可以有效地减少由于养殖规模波动造成的计算误差,同时还适用于年内某时段污染负荷的计算,克服了传统方法只能以年为计算基本单元的弊端。 相似文献
66.
Brian E. Haggard Paul B. DeLaune Douglas R. Smith Philip A. Moore 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(2):245-256
ABSTRACT: A main water quality concern is accelerated eutrophication of fresh waters from nonpoint source pollution, particularly nutrient transport in surface runoff from agricultural areas and confined animal feeding operations. This study examined nutrient and β17‐estradiol concentrations in runoff from small plots where six poultry litters were applied at a rate of about 67 kg/ha of total phosphorus (TP). The six poultry litter treatments included pelleted compost, pelleted litter, raw litter, alum (treated) litter, pelleted alum litter, and normal litter (no alum). Four replicates of the six poultry litter treatments and a control (plots without poultry litter application) were used in this study. Rainfall simulations at intensity of 50 mm/hr were conducted immediately following poultry litter application to the plots and again 30 days later. Composite runoff samples were analyzed for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), ammonia (NH4), nitrate (NO3), TP, total nitrogen (TN) and β17‐estradiol concentrations. In general, poultry litter applications increased nutrient and β17‐estradiol concentrations in runoff water. Ammonia and P concentrations in runoff water from the first simulation were correlated to application rates of water extractable NH4 (R2= 0.70) and P (R2= 0.68) in the manure. Results suggest that alum applications to poultry litter in houses in between flocks is an effective best management practice for reducing phosphorus (P) and β17‐estradiol concentrations in runoff and that pelleted poultry litters may increase the potential for P and β17‐estradiol loss in runoff water. Inferences regarding pelleted poultry litters should be viewed cautiously, because the environmental consequence of pelleting poultry litters needs additional investigation. 相似文献
67.
S. Leeson 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1991,4(1):89-99
Modern strains of broiler chicken are capable of achieving a 2.4 kg liveweight at 42d of age. This extremely fast growth is accomplished in part by balanced diets containing pharmaceutical growth promoting compounds. Over the last few years, a number of ethical questions have arisen regarding the use of such compounds. Such fast growth rate is accompanied by reduced bird welfare related to morbidity and mortality of a proportion of the birds. In two trials we have shown that acceptable growth rate can be achieved in diets without these compounds, and that economics of production are not adversely affected. It is concluded that future management programs for broiler chickens should consider a tempering of growth rate and that this could lead to improved bird well-being. 相似文献
68.
Robert C. Ward David A. Link William M. Crosswhite 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(3):495-504
ABSTRACT This paper summarizes a study employing a systems approach for analyzing one class of modifications within a poultry processing plant. The modifications considered were changes in water-flow arrangements and process characteristics to reduce water intake of the plant and waste-treatment costs. The object of the study was to develop a technique or techniques by which a combination of proposed modifications could be chosen to minimize water flow through the plant. Existing and proposed flows were represented as a network, and linear programming was used to solve the minimum-flow problem for the network. Application of the technique was made to an existing, typical plant in Durham, N.C. Results of the application showed fresh water intake could be reduced by 45% to 51%, and furthermore that annual returns of 62% to 494% could be obtained on investment in the optimum modification sets, as fresh water costs varying from 10 cents to $1.00 per 1000 gal. Types of modifications of a poultry processing plant are classified by types, and the relative importance and effectiveness of each type are discussed. 相似文献
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70.
畜禽养殖业的快速发展和养殖污染治理滞后的矛盾已经成为我国畜禽养殖业发展的瓶颈。对辽西畜禽养殖专业村饮用水、空气指标进行了检测。结果表明,辽西地区畜禽养殖业的快速发展对大气、水体和土壤环境造成了严重污染,需要采取有效治理措施,消除畜禽养殖污染对经济发展的制约。 相似文献