汉麻粉体/PVDF共混膜的制备、表征及对Cu~(2+)吸附性能研究

采用浸没沉淀法,制备了汉麻粉体/PVDF混合平板膜,分别采用扫描电镜、孔隙率、机械性能测试对膜结构和性能进行表征,探究汉麻粉体对膜结构性能的影响。结果表明:膜结构为指状多孔膜,随着汉麻粉体含量的增加,从断面结构可见,脆性增加,断面整齐,指状孔明显,膜的孔径有先增大、后减小的趋势;表征结果表明膜的孔隙率有提高的趋势;承受最大载荷增加,断裂伸长率下降。汉麻粉体膜制备完成后,采用静态吸附法进行吸附试验,分别探讨了温度、粉体含量、铜离子的初始浓度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:汉麻粉体膜对铜离子的吸附,当温度为25℃时,吸附量与吸附率最佳;随着粉体含量的增加,吸附量与吸附率先减小、后增大的趋势。初始浓度的影响较为显著,随着初始浓度的增加,吸附量与吸附率也随之增加。     

磁粉活性污泥法处理城市生活污水的反应动力学特征

磁粉活性污泥法是在传统活性污泥法中加入磁性粉末(Fe3O4)的废水生物处理方法。在最佳运行状况下,对磁粉活性污泥法基质降解动力学进行了研究。磁粉活性污泥法基质降解符合一级反应规律,利用Monod方程对试验数据进行拟合,确定了其动力学参数,半速率常数Ks、有机底物的最大比降解速率vmax分别为10.39 mg/L和0.804 d-1。     

脉冲滤筒除尘器对超细粉体净化的实验研究

随着工业的快速发展,空气中颗粒污染物的含量和种类越来越多,不仅对人体健康造成危害,颗粒污染还对能见度、气候、动植物均有影响,寻找合适的除尘设备,提高对微细粉尘的除尘效率,对安全和环境保护有着重要而深远的意义。该文利用脉冲滤筒除尘器对粒径分布为0.5-5μm的超细粉体进行净化实验。测试了除尘器净化效率、除尘器阻力及过滤风速等主要性能参数。实验结果说明:脉冲滤筒除尘器对于粒径为0.5-5μm超细粉体,在过滤风速为0.8-1.25m/min时,除尘器阻力小于300Pa,净化效率达99.9999%。得到结论:滤筒除尘器具有高除尘效率,低阻力损失,节约除尘系统的动力消耗的优点,有利于在超细粉体净化工艺中的应用。     

3GY型粉体无尘装车机的开发与应用

应用自主知识产权,采用“密闭输送、最小落差、零匝输送、软连接和科学运行管理”技术,科学组合,研究开发成功粉体无尘装车机,科学消除了高温,高压、高料位条件下贮仓放料,常规除尘器出灰和粉体转输与装车的粉尘污染与资源流失。     

复配超细粉体三相泡沫的制备与稳定性研究

为改善泡沫灭火剂的高温稳定性和抗复燃性能,将石墨粉、膨润土和空心玻璃微珠按一定比例复配加入泡沫灭火剂中制备防灭火三相泡沫,利用自主设计的实验台架,研究其发泡、稳泡及油面热稳定性等主要性能,分析复配超细粉体对泡沫灭火剂稳定性的影响机理。实验证明,复配粉体的加入可使泡沫灭火剂在高温下的稳定时间延长10倍以上,粉体颗粒会在泡沫表面形成一层致密壳层,增强泡沫的隔热阻燃性能,石墨粉的存在使壳层更加致密且增强了泡沫的流动性,但会对泡沫的发泡性能产生较大的影响,当空心玻璃微珠和石墨粉的添加质量比为5∶2时,整体效果较好。     

Experimental investigation of the influence of inert solids on ignition sensitivity of organic powders

This work presents the results of the experimental characterization of the ignition sensitivity of solid inertant/combustible powders mixtures. Three inert solids (alumina, Kieselguhr, aerosil) and eleven organic powders have been considered and the following parameters have been determined: (1) the minimum ignition energy, (2) the minimum ignition temperature in cloud and (3) the minimum ignition temperature in 5 mm layer. The effects of the addition of inert solids are described and a simple model is proposed to represent the experimental results.Generally, increasing inert solid content in a powder leads to a higher minimum ignition energy as well as a higher minimum ignition temperatures in cloud and in layer. In some cases, the flammability is influenced above a threshold concentration value, which can be quite high (up to 85 wt.%). Indeed, the proposed model shows a zone below the minimum ignition concentration (MIC), which does not enable an efficient or safe inerting: either the admixed inert solid does not provide a sufficient effect, or it can even facilitate the ignition of the dust by notably improving its dispersability.The influence of key parameters such as the thermal conductivity or optical properties on the efficiency of the inerting by admixed solid need to be further assessed in a future work in view to better understand the mechanisms involved and to extend the scope to other types of oxidizable materials.     

白云母/硅微粉疏水改性对三相泡沫热稳定性的影响

为了制备高热稳定性的三相泡沫,对白云母/硅微粉疏水改性。采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HTEOS)为改性剂,以接触角、粒度分析、FTIR为表征。在合成蛋白泡沫中按比例添加粉体制备三相泡沫,以自主设计可视化油池进行热稳定性试验并与两相泡沫对比。结果表明:改性白云母的性质为“两亲”,改性硅微粉表现为疏水;三相泡沫热稳定性高于两相泡沫,三相泡沫中,利用改性白云母制备的三相泡沫热稳定性最优,覆盖至破灭时间为1 905 s,而改性硅微粉制备的三相泡沫热稳定性不足,覆盖至破灭时间仅为983 s。     

焦化固体废料的综合利用

叙述了焦化固体废料的产生与危害，并针对电极糊的生产，讨论了利用焦化固体废料替代电极糊生产的添加剂工业碳粉的研制思路和工业试验。     

活性粉末混凝土柱的抗震性能试验研究

活性粉末混凝土 (ReactivePowderConcrete ,简称RPC)是一种具有超高性能和超高强度的水泥基复合材料。本文首先论述了这一材料应用于结构抗震领域中的潜力 ,然后通过 4个小比例RPC矩形截面柱的拟静力试验 ,研究了RPC配筋柱的延性性能、滞回曲线及其破坏机理 ,分析了配箍率对RPC配筋柱延性的影响。     

Magnetic particle technology in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation

The use of magnetic particles in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation is currently under investigation at Victoria University, in collaboration with the Phillip Island Research Centre, Victoria, Australia. Iron powder has been shown to be very effective for the magnetic cleansing of feathers and plumage and is almost ideal for this purpose, being non-toxic, a non-irritant and recyclable. Detailed investigations have demonstrated that by varying particle size, particle structure and surface texture, the efficacy of oil removal from feathers and plumage can be successfully manipulated. In this regard, it is possible to identify a grade of iron powder whereby, within experimental error, effectively 100% removal of a variety of fresh contaminants from different matrices, including feathers, can be achieved. Our investigations have been extended to the application of such particles to the successful removal of tarry and weathered/tarry contamination. The results of these investigations have indicated that, for such contaminants, removals ranging from 97–99% may be achieved. Magnetic particle technology may also be adapted for the screening of pre-conditioning agents that can further assist in the removal of tarry and weathered/tarry contamination from feathers. These investigations suggest that magnetic particles could have an important role to play in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation as a clean and effective technology.