Water purification with sintered porous materials fabricated at 400℃ from sea bottom sediments

A sintering technology for preparing porous materials from sea bottom sediments was developed for use in water purification. The purpose of the present study was to develop methods for converting the sea bottom sediments dredged from Ago Bay into value-added recycled products. The sintered products fabricated at 400℃ were found to be very effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals.     

Biosorption of copper ions from dilute aqueous solutions on base treated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves powder: kinetics, isotherm, and biosorption mechanisms

The effciency of sodium hydroxide treated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves powder (NHBL) for removing copper ions from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The e?ects of physicochemical parameters on biosorption capacities such as stirring speed, pH, biosorbent dose, initial concentrations of copper, and ionic strength were studied. The biosorption capacities of NHBL increased with increase in pH, stirring speed and copper concentration but decreased with increase in biosorbent dose and ionic strength...     

进口粉末涂料物料固体废物鉴别方法的建立

粉末涂料生产过程中产生的固体废物属于我国禁止进口的固体废物,进口粉末涂料物料是否属于固体废物仅凭借口岸监管人员的常识和肉眼观察无法确定,需要通过专门的固体废物鉴别确定,但迄今为止没有粉末涂料物料的固体废物鉴别标准、规范或方法,因此,非常有必要建立进口粉末涂料物料的固体废物鉴别方法.在对多例进口粉末涂料物料固体废物鉴别实例总结归纳的基础上,建立了其固体废物鉴别方法:①确定物料的自然属性,包括利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析主要成分;利用低温电炉和马弗炉得到有机物和无机物的大概质量分数;采用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）分析灼烧残渣的主要成分及其质量分数.②确定物料的产生来源,判断出物料是否属于粉末涂料产品,具体指通过肉眼观察物理形态和杂质;测量粉末部分的粒度分布;分析粉末部分的容器中状态、粒径分布、涂膜外观和耐冲击性等HG/T 2006—2006《热固性粉末涂料》中要求的指标.③确定物料的固体废物属性,即根据GB 34330—2017《固体废物鉴别标准通则》中的相关条款,得出物料的固体废物鉴别结论.利用该方法对海关怀疑为固体废物的以粉末涂料产品名义申报进口的两种物料进行了固体废物鉴别,鉴别结果显示,两种物料均产生于粉末涂料产品生产过程,分别为不合格粉或者过期粉和超细粉,均属于我国禁止进口的固体废物,显示所建立的固体废物鉴别方法可行,可为进口粉末涂料生产过程中产生的物料的固体废物鉴别和监管提供参考.      

双基球扁药工艺优化仿真研究

目的优化双基球扁药成球工艺参数,解决由于目前双基球扁药理论研究不充分、控制模型不明确、生产工艺参数调控依靠人工经验所导致的药品成球后直径、弧厚偏差大的问题。方法利用BP神经网络在处理复杂非线性映射问题上的强大的能力,对成球关键工艺参数与成球质量指标进行建模,并应用成球工艺过程仿真数据对其进行训练,将训练得到的BP神经网络模型用于优化成球工艺参数。同时利用仿真数据进行检验模型的可靠性。结果训练后BP神经网络均方误差为0.001,成球直径误差率为1.27%,成球弧厚误差率为2.08%,成球质量参数误差均很小,可以满足工艺要求。结论该BP神经网络模型具有较高精度,适用于含能材料工艺优化,提出的成球工艺优化方法能有效降低成球试制成本,缩短生产周期。     

X-荧光光谱法在土壤调查中的应用

采用硼酸镶边、垫底压制土壤粉末样品,用X-荧光光谱仪分析其中铜、铅、铬、锌、镍等元素浓度。主要讨论了样品粒度对分析元素测定结果的影响。分析了标准样品及实际样品,其结果与标准值及化学法、原子吸收法测定结果相吻合。用土壤标准物质作精密度试验,统计结果表明,各组分RSD均小于3.74%。     

Efficiency characterization of fire extinguishing compound superfine powder containing Mg(OH)2

To improve the fire extinguishing efficiency of existing dry powders, a new type of superfine dry powder was prepared using magnesium hydroxide as an additive. In our study, a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to analyze the thermal decomposition of the synthesized powders. The temperature of thermal decomposition, weight loss, and other thermodynamic parameters of the fire extinguishing powders were analyzed to explain the performance advantages of the compound superfine powder. Through a small-scale fire experiment, the physical parameters of the extinguishing process—such as extinguish time, powder dosage, smoke concentration, and minimum extinguishing concentration—were quantified for the suppression of a diesel fire using the different powders; these parameters were used to evaluate the fire extinguishing capacity and toxic gas suppression ability of the powders. TGA demonstrated that the compound superfine powder decomposed more quickly and its thermal decomposition process was much shorter than those of the other powders. The DSC data indicated that the compound superfine powder could decrease the characteristic temperature at each stage and thus the powder absorbed the flame's heat more quickly and suppressed flame propagation. The fire extinguishing test demonstrated that the consumption of the three types of fire extinguishing powder decreased with an increase in the driving pressure, and the order of powder dosage was as follows: commercial dry powder > superfine powder > compound superfine powder. Similarly, the order of minimum extinguishing concentration was as follows: commercial dry powder > superfine powder > compound superfine powder. Furthermore, the compound superfine powder exhibited a greater capacity for controlling toxic and harmful gas emissions.     

钢渣热焖技术分析与应用实践

综合分析了珠海中冶环保建筑材料有限公司50万t/a钢渣生产线所采用的熔融钢渣辊压-有压自解技术的特点,及其在2014年的主要技术和经济指标。结果表明,熔融钢渣辊压-有压热闷自解处理技术具有适应性强、处理时间短、尾渣稳定性好等特点,是实现钢渣高价值资源化利用的新技术,具有广阔的发展前景。     

多微孔苄基化木粉对Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附研究

以中国杉木粉为研究对象,经苄基化改性和水热处理制得多微孔苄基化木粉.同时,以多微孔苄基化木粉为吸附材料,研究了苄基化木粉的增重率、溶液的p H值、接触时间、离子初始浓度和吸附温度等因素对Cu2+和Pb2+吸附效果的影响,并采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、核磁共振等分析手段对木粉改性与水热处理前后的材料进行了结构表征.结果表明:木粉经苄基化改性及水热处理后所制得的多微孔苄基化木粉对Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附百分率比原木粉分别提高57%和209%,木粉的苄基化程度、溶液的p H值、接触时间、离子初始浓度和温度是影响Cu2+和Pb2+吸附百分率的重要因素.当溶液的p H值为5.5,Cu2+和Pb2+的浓度为30 mg·L-1,吸附温度为40℃,吸附时间为60 min,多微孔苄基化木粉质量为溶液质量的2.0%时,Cu2+去除率达94.4%,Pb2+去除率达88.7%.     

钢铁行业烧结烟气脱硫技术现状和发展趋势

钢铁行业烧结过程产生的二氧化硫占钢铁企业产生二氧化硫总量的一半以上,理应作为钢铁企业二氧化硫控制的重点。我国已建设多个烧结脱硫示范工程,并取得了良好的脱硫效果。在分析烧结烟气特点前提下,阐述了目前国内采用的几种脱硫工艺的优缺点,比较了密相干塔烟气脱硫、石灰乳脱硫、石灰石-石膏法脱硫、氨法脱硫、循环流化床脱硫、活性炭脱硫、双碱法脱硫等方法的优点与缺点,为烧结烟气脱硫技术选择提供了参考。     

Industrial accidents in spray dryer plants for dairy products in Europe

Despite the fact that the information about past accidents is an integral part of accident prevention, the information about industrial accidents is not commonly available in food and agricultural sectors. Spray dryer plants for dairy products are not an exception. The aim of this paper is the creation of the representative database for industrial spray drying accidents in order to identify their major causes. The paper is divided into 8 chapters. The first two chapters deal with the general information about technology of spray drying of dairy products. The third chapter provides the outputs from the authors' database containing records of 25 accidents in milk drying facilities in Europe. These accidents took place between 1999 and 2019 in six European countries. Based on the accident database, the most common causes of accidents were identified. Processes that can cause a fire, an explosion, or damage to environment are described in the fourth, fifth and sixth chapter. The seventh chapter deals with process, technical and organizational measures; these were discussed using literature research and the results of the accident database. The eighth chapter is the conclusion with a focus on further improvement of process safety through newly developed protective tools.