南京市钢铁行业烧结机二噁英排放调查研究

以南京市三家钢铁企业烧结机为例,对排放废气中的二噁英进行监测,分析各组分的含量,进一步研究排放废气中二噁英的种类组成及含量分布特征,依据现行的标准二噁英排放浓度达标,但是南京的排放水平远高于国外排放水平。分析成因,结果表明烧结过程中的二噁英主要是在料层中生成的,主要以多氯二苯并呋喃存在,为减少烧结过程二噁英的生成,可以从改变工艺、控制原材料和增加处理设施等方面进行控制,尽可能减少气态氯化氢的形成,防止再合成物和其它前驱化合物的产生。     

含砷废渣高温烧结过程砷的矿物相结构变化与环境释放行为

研究了含砷废渣高温烧结过程引起的砷挥发和砷发生的矿物相结构变化,并分析了烧结体的砷浸出释放行为.在10MPa下加压成型制样,进空气流量为2 000 mL·min-1,烧结温度1 000～1 350℃,烧结时间60 min.结果表明,烧结温度对砷挥发的影响很小,As的固定率保持在90%以上,但对砷浸出毒性的影响明显.烧结温度低于1 000℃时,FeAsS被氧化生成钙砷、铝砷和铁砷,以Ca3（AsO4）2矿物相为主,导致砷的浸出释放水平提高;烧结温度达到1 200℃,Ca3（AsO4）2被玻璃熔融态所包围,并被转换为硅钙砷酸盐化学键接,导致砷的浸出水平显著降低.从烧结体的环境安全性考虑,最佳烧结温度为1 200℃.     

Gas-phase and particle-phase PCDD/F congener distributions in the flue gas from an iron ore sintering plant

The activated carbon injection-circulating fluidized bed (ACI-CFB)-bag filter coupling technique was studied in an iron ore sintering plant. For comparison, the removal efficiencies under the conditions without or with ACI technology were both evaluated. It was found that the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) removal efficiency for total international toxic equivalence quantity (I-TEQ) concentration was improved from 91.61% to 97.36% when ACI was employed, revealing that ACI was very conducive to further controlling the PCDD/F emissions. Detailed congener distributions of PCDD/Fs in the gas-phase and particle-phase of the Inlet and Outlet samples were determined. Additionally, the PCDD/F distribution for the Fly ash-with ACI sample of was also studied.     

Synthesis of highly effective absorbents with waste quenching blast furnace slag to remove Methyl Orange from aqueous solution

Water quenching blast furnace slag(WQBFS) is widely produced in the blast furnace iron making process. It is mainly composed of CaO, MgO, Al_2O_3, and SiO_2 with low contents of other metal elements such as Fe, Mn, Ti, K and Na. In this study, WQBFS was treated with grinding, hydrochloric acid acidification, filtration, filtrate extraction by alkali liquor and a hydration reaction. Then BFS micropowder(BFSMP), BFS acidified solid(BFSAS) and BFS acid-alkali precipitate(BFSAP) were obtained, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller(BET)specific surface area. The decoloration efficiency for Methyl Orange(MO) was used to evaluate the adsorptive ability of the three absorbents. The effects of adsorptive reaction conditions(p H and temperature of solution, reaction time, sorbent dosage and initial concentration) on MO removal were also investigated in detail. The results indicated that BFSAP performed better in MO removal than the other two absorbents. When the p H value of MO solutions was in the range 3.0–13.0, the degradation efficiency of a solution with initial MO concentration of 25 mg/L reached 99.97% for a reaction time of 25 min at 25°C.The maximum adsorption capacity of BFSAP for MO was 167 mg/g. Based on optimized experiments, the results conformed with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Among inorganic anions, SO_4~(2-)and PO_4~(3-)had significant inhibitory effects on MO removal in BFSAP treatment due to ion-exchange adsorption.     

SBR反应器内碳基好氧颗粒污泥的培养及其稳定运行特性

为探究粉末活性炭和钙离子的投加对污泥颗粒化进程的影响,在300 L SBR（序批式反应器）中接种普通絮状污泥,投加1.0 g/L粒径约75 μm的PAC（粉末活性炭）及35 mg/L的Ca2+以促进污泥颗粒化进程,并研究其稳定运行特性.结果表明:常温下反应器在14 d内开始形成具有良好沉降性能的AGS（好氧颗粒污泥）,至第18天污泥颗粒化程度达到80.0%左右;在此后运行的100 d内,AGS基本能保持其结构完整性.同时,反应器内ρ（MLSS）（污泥浓度）由接种时的3 300 mg/L升至4 050 mg/L,污泥SVI（体积指数）由接种时的120 mL/g变为35 mL/g.w（PS）（PS为胞外多糖）较少且变化量小;w（PN）（PN为胞外蛋白）在反应器启动及稳定运行阶段内都在提高,最终达到240 mg/g（以每gMLVSS中含PS的质量计）,PN/PS（质量比）最终稳定在15.00左右.稳定运行期间,反应器对污水中COD_Cr、TN、TP的平均去除率分别达到82.0%、76.5%和96.0%.研究显示,投加的PAC与普通絮状污泥间的吸附作用,促进了污泥的颗粒化进程;同时,PAC作为AGS的惰性成核物质,避免了AGS因内源呼吸从颗粒内部解体,提高了AGS的稳定性.      

钢铁烧结烟气脱硝技术进展

钢铁行业作为我国经济发展的支柱产业,它所引起的环境问题也不容小觑。钢铁烧结烟气中通常含有大量SO_2和NO_x,是造成酸雨以及其他环境问题的主要原因。目前针对SO_2已有较成熟的脱除工艺。而由于我国烧结烟气的特殊性,还没有特别适用于NO_x的处理工艺。介绍了几种典型的和未来极具市场潜力的脱硝技术,为今后脱硝工艺的选择提供一些借鉴。     

活性炭吸附对藻类有机物的去除及其消毒副产物的控制

本文研究了粉末活性炭(powder activated carbon,PAC)吸附对藻类有机质(algal organic matter,AOM)及其典型含氮和非含氮消毒副产物(disinfection by-products,DBPs)的去除效能.结果表明,AOM主要含有一些小分子量、亲水性、低芳香度的有机质,三维荧光光谱证实,PAC吸附改变了AOM的组成,明显降低了类腐殖质物质含量,但对芳香蛋白类物质去除能力有限.PAC投加量为20 mg·L~(-1),吸附时间10~30 min时,对于3.30 mg·L~(-1)的胞内有机质(intracellular organic matter,IOM)和胞外有机质(extracellular organic matter,EOM)溶液,溶解性有机碳去除率分别为20.7%~31.9%和12.6%~19.0%.PAC对IOM和EOM中卤代甲烷总生成量的最高去除率分别为26.6%和35.8%;卤代乙腈总生成量的最高去除率分别为49.6%和53.6%,其中二溴乙腈前体物的去除效果显著.PAC对EOM氯化生成的DBPs的控制作用较好.     

焙烧大理石粉处理工业含磷废水的试验研究

本文研究了焙烧大理石粉处理工业含磷废水的除磷效果。探讨了不同焙烧大理石粉投加量、反应时间、反应温度以及振荡速率对除磷效果的影响。结果表明：焙烧大理石粉的投加量和反应时间是影响除磷效果的主要因素。当焙烧大理石粉投加量为11g/L,反应时间为10min左右,温度为室温,振荡速率保持在100～150r/min时,废水中磷的去...     

微生物菌剂对枸杞枝条粉发酵堆体腐熟效果的影响

为探讨外源微生物对枸杞枝条粉基质化发酵堆体腐熟进程的影响,采用随机区组设计〔T1（CK）,枸杞枝条粉150 kg;T2,枸杞枝条粉150 kg+尿素4.15 kg;T3,T2+粗纤维降解菌Ⅰ 75 g;T4,T2+粗纤维降解菌Ⅱ 75 g;T5,T2+锯末专用复合益菌75 g;T6,T2+EM菌液75 g;T7,T2+纤维素酶制剂75 g〕,以尿素为氮源,研究添加外源微生物对枸杞枝条粉基质化发酵过程中发酵指标参数的影响.结果表明:堆腐发酵至第6天时,各处理组的温度均达到最高值,其中,T3的温度达到68.2 ℃,T2~T7内部温度超过50 ℃的时间依次为6、9、9、7、8、7 d.外源微生物菌剂的施用增加了枸杞枝条粉腐熟发酵后的湿容重、干容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙、持水孔隙.至发酵结束后,各处理组的湿容重在0.43~0.47 g/cm3之间,T6的增幅最大.堆腐发酵过程中w（NH₄+-N）变化呈先增后减的变化规律,发酵至第21天时,T4达784.81 mg/kg;w（NO₃--N）呈逐渐增加的趋势,在发酵14~49 d之间的增幅最大,其中,T3的平均日增加值最大,为16.02 mg/（kg·d）,而发酵70 d后各处理组w（NO₃--N）逐渐趋于平稳.发酵前21 d w（TOC）呈近直线下降,发酵前14 d w（TN）呈直线上升;堆腐发酵至第49天时,T2~T7的GI（germination index,发芽指数）均高于50%,其中,T7为73.92%,较T1（CK）高出26.52%;发酵至第91天时,T1~T7的GI均超过85%.研究显示,枸杞枝条发酵堆体基质化过程中添加尿素+粗纤维降解菌Ⅰ（Ⅱ）、尿素+EM菌液、尿素+锯末专用复合益菌等更有助于加快基质化进程、缩短发酵时间、提高发酵效率,可为枸杞枝条基质化工厂利用提供理论支撑.