Restoration of hyper-eutrophic water with a modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed

A modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed (CSPB) which can be used to restore the eutrophic water is introduced in this paper. This plant bed helps hydrophyte grow under poor conditions such as frequently changed water depth, impaired water transparency, algae bloom and substantial duckweed in summer, which are not naturally suitable for growing hydrophyte. This pilot study in Waihuan River of Tianjin, China, revealed that reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) by the use of CSPB could be reached 30%–35%, 35%–40%, 30%–40% respectively in the growing season (from March to October) and 5%–10%, 5%–15%, 7%–20% respectively in the winter (from November to February) when the detention time was 6 d. The relationships between the concentration of COD, TN, TP and the detention time fit the first-order kinetic equation well and the coefficients of determination (R²) were all above 0.9. The attenuation coefficients k of the kinetic equation were a function of the water temperature. When the water temperature was quite low or quite high, k was not significantly changed with increasing or decreasing water temperature. While when the temperature was in a moderate range, an increase or decrease of water temperature would lead to a rapid increase or decrease in k.     

Control of chlorinated aromatic compounds from a municipal solid waste incinerator using limestone addition

In this study, limestone powder was directly added to synthetic MSW, which was fed into a small‐scale fluidized bed incinerator. The concentration of CBzs and CPs in the flue gas were measured before and after a secondary combustion air injection. Finally, the PCDDs and PCDFs concentrations were also measured in the flue gas after the secondary combustion zone. The CaCO₃ added to synthetic MSW not only controls HCl in the flue gas, but suppresses the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds like CBzs, CPs, PCDDs, and PCDFs. The main mechanisms to control the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds was more likely related to the suppression of catalytic capability of flyash than the HCl reduction in the flue gas. However, the NO concentration was increased by catalytic reaction of limestone in the fluidized bed.     

UASB+生物接触氧化工艺处理饮料废水

介绍采用升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB反应器)+生物接触氧化工艺处理饮料废水的工艺设计和运行效果。运行结果表明:此工艺能有效处理饮料废水,COD、BOD5平均去除率分别达95.8%和98.1%,出水水质达DB 61/224—2006《陕西省渭河水系污染物排放标准》的一级排放标准。     

巨厚砾岩下冲击地压发生机理及加固技术研究

针对深部矿井巨厚砾岩下采场冲击地压的易发性和危险性,运用理论分析和室内相似材料模拟试验方法,对华丰煤矿巨厚砾岩下覆岩运动规律及采场冲击地压发生机理进行研究。研究发现:随着工作面的推进,离层自下而上发育,在巨厚砾岩层下部离层空间达到最大。煤层极限平衡区内集中静载荷能量E静和巨厚砾岩破断、垮落释放的集中动载荷能量E动是造成采场冲击地压的根本原因,并且E动诱发冲击地压的强度更高,危险性更大。当E静+E动-Ef min>0时,采场冲击地压启动。在此基础上,提出一种囊袋式离层加固技术,对离层区域进行横向挤压和纵向加固,有效控制巨厚砾岩断裂、垮落,防止冲击地压的发生,减少地表沉陷,实现了煤矿安全绿色开采。     

Electric Versus Hydraulic Hospital Beds: Differences in Use During Basic Nursing Tasks

Biomechanical, postural and ergonomic aspects during real patient-assisting tasks performed by nurses using an electric versus a hydraulic hospital bed were observed. While there were no differences in the flexed postures the nurses adopted, longer performance times were recorded when electric beds were used. Subjective effort, force exertion and lumbar shear forces exceeding safety limits proved electric beds were superior. Patients’ dependency level seemed to influence the type of nurses’ intervention (duration and force actions), irrespective of the bed used. The nurses greatly appreciated the electric bed. Its use seemed to reduce the level of effort perceived during care giving and the postural load during critical subtasks. Ergonomics and organizational problems related to adopting electric beds in hospital wards should be addressed further to make their use more efficient.     

内循环移动床生物膜反应器的研究与应用

对传统移动床生物膜反应器进行改进,开发了内循环移动床生物膜反应器,通过处理模拟生活污水的研究,考察了反应器去除有机物和脱氮的能力。结果表明,在填料投加率为35%、进水COD为200～800mg/L、HRT为6h、有机负荷为0.8～3.2kg/(m.3d)的条件下,系统COD的去除率在89%以上;同时反应器具有良好的同步硝化反硝化脱氮能力,在DO为2.0mg/L、C/N为25、HRT为6h的条件下,NH4-N和TN的平均去除率分别可以达到98%和93%。另外,内循环移动床生物膜反应器与移动床生物膜反应器的对比实验结果表明,前者对COD和氮的去除效果都优于后者。     

HSL好氧生物流化床中水力学特性的研究

实验研究了HSL好氧生物流化床在不同曝气方式（填料、填装率、曝气水深、微孔曝气与单孔曝气等）下的流化曝气量,结果表明：流化曝气量随填料填装率增加而增大,当填料填装率超过90％,增大曝气量已不可能使填料完全流化;填料流化曝气量先随曝气水深增大而减小,后又随之增加;采用单孔曝气较微孔曝气易实现填料流化,但此时充氧效率会受到一定影响。     

沸石悬浮填料生物移动床的亚硝化特性

本研究以沸石为重要原料研制新型沸石悬浮填料,并将其用于启动沸石悬浮填料移动床反应器(ZMBBR),与装填普通陶粒的陶粒悬浮填料移动床(CMBBR)对比考察其亚硝化性能.结果表明:通过游离氨(FA)抑制的方法快速实现两种反应器的稳定亚硝化,两个反应器出水亚硝酸氮积累率均能达到90％以上;沸石对铵离子的吸附解吸作用使ZMB...     

缺氧MBBR耦合部分厌氧氨氧化强化城市生活污水深度脱氮

缺氧MBBR是强化传统城市污水处理系统脱氮的一种方法,本研究通过向城市污水后置反硝化SBR中投加填料构建了缺氧双污泥系统,实现了城市生活污水部分厌氧氨氧化深度脱氮.在250d的运行中脱氮性能逐渐提高并实现稳定,出水总氮在5 mg·L~(-1)左右. 211～250 d的平均硝氮、氨氮和总氮去除率分别为(97. 7±2. 9)%、(93. 3±2. 9)%和(94. 3±2. 7)%.长期运行中观测到氨氮和硝氮的同步去除.针对氨氮去除途径进行分析,系统同化、硝化作用微弱.缺氧MBBR中存在厌氧氨氧化活性且对脱氮有不可忽视的作用.实时定量PCR结果进一步说明缺氧MBBR中厌氧氨氧化菌富集,特别是缺氧填料生物膜中厌氧氨氧化菌丰度由初始的4. 37×10~7copies·g~(-1)增长到了2. 28×10~(10)copies·g~(-1).本研究表明缺氧填料生物膜在厌氧氨氧化的富集强化城市污水深度脱氮中或许具有可应用的潜能.     

Evolving Expectations of Dam Removal Outcomes: Downstream Geomorphic Effects Following Removal of a Small,Gravel‐Filled Dam1

Kibler, Kelly, Desiree Tullos, and Mathias Kondolf, 2011. Evolving Expectations of Dam Removal Outcomes: Downstream Geomorphic Effects Following Removal of a Small, Gravel‐Filled Dam. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐16. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00523.x Abstract: Dam removal is a promising river restoration technique, particularly for the vast number of rivers impounded by small dams that no longer fulfill their intended function. As the decommissioning of small dams becomes increasingly commonplace in the future, it is essential that decisions regarding how and when to remove these structures are informed by appropriate conceptual ideas outlining potential outcomes. To refine predictions, it is necessary to utilize information from ongoing dam removal monitoring to evolve predictive tools, including conceptual models. Following removal of the Brownsville Dam from the Calapooia River, Oregon, aquatic habitats directly below the dam became more heterogeneous over the short term, whereas changes further downstream were virtually undetectable. One year after dam removal, substrates of bars and riffles within 400 m downstream of the dam coarsened and a dominance of gravel and cobble sediments replaced previously hardpan substrate. New bars formed and existing bars grew such that bar area and volume increased substantially, and a pool‐riffle structure formed where plane‐bed glide formations had previously dominated. As the Brownsville Dam stored coarse rather than fine sediments, outcomes following removal differ from results of many prior dam removal studies. Therefore, we propose a refined conceptual model describing downstream geomorphic processes following small dam removal when upstream fill is dominated by coarse sediments.