强化启动对内循环生物流化床硝化效果的影响

通过改变内循环生物流化床的启动水质,提高N/C组成以强化流化床后期的硝化作用.结果表明,高N/C和低进水COD强化启动后处理生活污水,在HRT为2h时,可以同时高效去除COD和氨氮,氨氮的平均去除率为74%.耗氧速率试验表明,强化启动后,流化床中生物膜的异养菌活性大幅度降低,氨氧化细菌活性明显提高,硝化细菌活性变化不大.对反应系统微生物醌进行的跟踪分析表明,强化启动后,生物膜中的硝化细菌数量明显增加,微生物种群的分布均匀性变化较小,以革兰氏阴性菌为主.扫描电镜观察显示,低N/C启动条件下,生物膜厚且致密,异养菌所占比例高;高N/C启动条件有利于硝化细菌的生长,生物膜相对稀薄.     

加压上流式好氧污泥床(PUASB)法处理制药废水初探

在进水ＣＯＤ为５００－６００ｍｇ／Ｌ、压力ｐ＝０．２ＭＰａ、回／流比Ｒ＝６条件下,加压上流式好氧泥泥床平均ＣＯＤ去除率为７１％,出水基本达到国家排放标准;进水ＣＯＤ为１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上,在ｐ＝０．３ＭＰａ、Ｒ＝６条件下,ＣＯＤ去除率仍可达到７０％左右。     

Emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a circulating fluidized bed combustor during co-firing coal and biomass

This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The influence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed.     

Turbosorp湍流吸收循环流化床烟气脱硫技术在改造工程中的应用

循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫技术是目前世界上主流脱硫工艺技术之一,主要适用于大中型燃煤电厂的烟气脱硫,在国内外拥有大量成功运行的工程案例。本文章基于本公司实践论述Turbosorp湍流吸收循环流化床脱硫技术的技术特点、关键工艺控制要点以及在机组改造工程中的技术优势,为同类型机组改造工程中的方案选择提供参考。     

Enhanced struvite recovery from wastewater using a novel cone-inserted fluidized bed reactor

The feasibility of struvite recovery at low （12.5 mg/L） and high （120 mg[L） phosphorus concentrations was studied by constructing a novel fluidized bed reactor with cones （FBRwc） and without cones （FBRwoc）. The crystallization process was continuously operated for 133 days under different hydraulic retention times （HRT = 1-10 hr）, pH （7.5-10）, and molar ratios of Mg/P （0.75-1.75）, N/P （1-10） and Ca/Mg （0-2）. The optimum operating conditions of HRT, pH, Mg/P and N/P molar ratios were found to be 2 hr, 9, 1.25, and 7.5, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the phosphorus precipitation efficiencies of FBRwc were 93% for low and 98% for high phosphorus influent; however, the efficiencies were 78% and 81% for FBRwoc, respectively. Due to crystal losses at each junction （17%-31%）, the crystal recovery efficiency of FBRwoc was relatively low （47%-65%） for both influent concentrations. However, the losses were minimal in FBRwc, which showed 75% and 92% crystal recovery for low and high phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At low calcium concentration, crystal chemical analysis showed the product to be pure struvite （〉 99%）. The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction results further confirmed that the crystal recovered from FBRwc contained pure struvite, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer. Except HRT, all parameters （pH, Mg/P, N/P and Ca/Mg） were found to be influencing factors for FBRwc performance. Overall, inserting cones in each part of the reactor played a significant role in enhancing struvite recovery from a wide range of phosphorus-containing wastewater.     

全程自养脱氨氮悬浮填料床反应器性能的研究

以NH+4-N溶液为基质建立和启运了全程自养脱氨氮悬浮填料床反应器,反应器连续运行的实验结果表明在pH为8.0～8.5、溶解氧为0.7～1.0mg/L和温度为28℃的条件下.当氨氮表面负荷为2～2.5g/(m2@d)时,其表面去除速率为1.1～1.3/(m2@d),全程自养脱氮率基本稳定在55%左右;全程自养脱氮的最适pH范围为7.5～8,5,其中最佳pH为8.0左右;最适溶解氧范围为0.5～1.5mg/L,其中尤以0.8～1.0ms/L左右为最佳.     

流化床污泥干燥器床料的颗粒度对流化情况的影响

以上海白龙港污水处理厂流化床污泥干燥系统为研究对象,针对流化床污泥干燥器流化情况的好坏分析,在确定其它变量（流化风量、给料分配器转速、料层压差、运行负荷等）不变的情况下,对床料颗粒度的工艺参数进行研究实验,总结颗粒度的工艺参数对流化情况的运行变化规律,从而提高了流化床污泥干燥系统的稳定性、连续性和高效性。     

生物滤床工艺处理城市污水处理厂恶臭气体

生物滤床作为一种新型的污水处理厂臭气生物处理技术，在实际应用中取得了快速的发展。本文介绍了其工作原理、工艺特点、影响因素以及国内外应用现状及其局限性，希望对于我国其它城市污水处理厂除臭系统的建设起到借鉴作用。     

人工片状钙基脱硫剂的试制及其性能研究

介绍了用于沸騰炉燃煤锅炉脱硫的人工片状钙基脱硫剂的生产工艺,并用固定床反应器、压汞仪,扫描电子显微镜、强度仪等研究了该脱硫剂的物理化学特性。实验表明,采用该工艺生产的脱硫剂具有良好的抗压抗磨强度和耐水性,由于具有合理的孔分布,其固硫能力是石灰石的2—3倍,钙利用率可达40％,适用于850℃—1000℃的较宽温度范围。在3台沸腾炉共7个工况下的工业实验证明了该脱硫剂的上述特性。     

铈改性水葫芦生物炭对磷酸盐的吸附特性

本研究通过共浸渍-热解法开发了一种铈改性水葫芦生物炭吸附剂（Ce-BC）,用以去除实际废水中的磷酸盐,考察了Ce-BC投加量、废水pH值、反应时间及共存的竞争性离子对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,当Ce-BC投加量为0.4 g·L^-1,初始磷酸盐溶液pH值介于3~10时,Ce-BC对磷酸盐的吸附性能最佳,最大吸附量达到35.00 mg·g^-1.Ce-BC对磷酸盐的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,并能在1 h内达到98%的磷酸盐去除率,吸附速率快.此外,Ce-BC具有较高的抗阴离子干扰能力,且具有良好的再生性能,Ce-BC经过4次再生后仍能保持90%以上的初始吸附效率.场发射扫描电镜-能量色散光谱（FESEM-EDS）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射光谱（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表征结果表明,Ce-BC对磷酸盐的吸附机制主要包括配体交换和内球络合.本研究制备的Ce-BC吸附剂,可以有效去除及回收实际生活污水中的磷酸盐,在避免水体富营养化的同时实现磷资源的回收利用.