三相内循环流化床光催化反应器及其光辐射传递规律

提出并建立了三相内循环流化床光催化反应器 ,对其内部光辐射传递规律进行了研究 .结果表明 ,在气固相共同作用下(通气量>0.3m³/h) ,光强的径向分布服从指数衰减规律 ,与Rose公式中通过均匀悬浊介质时的光强分布规律一致 .光辐射能的数值受初始光强 .催化剂颗粒浓度和液层厚度的共同影响 .通气量只影响床层流化状态 ,对光强分布影响可以忽略 .对罗丹明B的光催化降解实验表明 ,三相内循环流化床的光催化效率高于传统的悬浆式反应床 ,本系统的最佳催化剂浓度为10～12g/L .     

全程自养脱氮新技术处理污泥脱水液的研究

以含有高浓度氨氮的消化污泥脱泥污水为基质,在悬浮填料床反应器中实现了稳定的全程自养脱氮过程.在填料表面培养形成了全程自养脱氮混菌生物膜.反应器的主控条件为T=28℃,pH=8.0左右,溶氧为0.8～1.0 mg/L.两级串联反应器的平均表面负荷为NH₄⁺-N 3～4 g/(m²·d),总的全程自养脱氮率达70%左右.对处理高氨氮含量和低C/N比的废水,全程自养脱氮较常规硝化-反硝化脱氮技术可大大降低氧耗并无需外加有机碳源,因此具有很好的应用前景.     

Deep bed filtration of anaerobic cattle manure effluents with natural zeolite

Abstract

This study was carried out in a pilot plant for the treatment of anaerobic cattle manure waste. The pilot plant consisted of a semicontinous anaerobic reactor, a settling tank, a filtration process and an ionic exchange column. The study was focused on the filtration process, with natural zeolite as filtering material. In the filtration process different media sizes of natural zeolites packed in columns were tested. The ranges of media size were 0.4 ‐ 1.0, 1.0 ‐ 3.0 and 3.0 ‐ 5.0 mm. Filtration systems operated by gravity flow from 2 to 10 m³m^‐2h^‐1. The process control was done by assays of solids, turbidity, total and soluble COD, ammonium and orthophosphate. The results showed a better behaviour in the filters packed with a media size range between 1.0 and 3.0 mm, operating at 7 m³m^‐2h^‐1, principally when effluent gross particles were previously retained in an Heterogeneous Media Filter, operating at 4 m³m^‐2h^‐1. The head losses diagrams in the filter runs were obtained, at each operational conditions. The hydraulic behaviour of traditional silica sand and natural zeolite beds were compared at the same operational conditions.     

无烟煤循环流化床锅炉的节能设计及应用

结合Ⅱ类无烟煤的特点,分析探讨了针对低挥发分循环流化床20t/h无烟煤锅炉的节能设计,其中采用较高炉膛及较低空截面气速,在密相区布置合适数量的埋管受热面等环保技术措施。     

活性炭复合床层对动活性的影响试验

本文通过对KZ1床层、KZ2床层、KZ1和KZ2复合床层在不同床层厚度条件下,对氯化氰蒸气的动活性进行对比试验,并对试验结果进行分析,得出了后者并非前两者之和,而有了大幅提高的结论。     

造纸厂备料车间除尘系统的改造

介绍了以芦苇为原料的造纸厂备料车间的除尘现状，对粉尘的性质进行了分析，选择了采用三相流化床除尘技术对备料车间除尘系统进行改造。工业应用表明，该技术除尘效果令人满意。     

三相好氧生物流化床污水处理技术研究应用进展

阐述了三相好氧生物流化床污水处理技术的工艺特点和发展概况，介绍了三相好氧生物流化床在污水处理领域的研究及应用现状，并分析了其存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

底隙十字挡板对四边形流化床流体力学性能优化数值模拟

通过置入内构件实现流化床底隙区多相流矢量由混沌到归一的转化可获得床体内流体流化性能的改善.基于此,以底隙区置入十字挡板的四边形流化床为研究对象,使用Fluent软件进行三维可视化模拟,利用Eulerian-Eulerian双流体模型模拟其在厌氧、水解及好氧条件下优化反应器流体力学性能的能力,考察置入挡板前后流化床内流场、液相运动速率、气体相含率及湍流耗散率的反馈变化,分析其对流体运动的影响,并提出工程优化设计的方向.结果表明:底隙区置入十字挡板后,四边形流化床内液体循环速度最大提升15.7%,在上升区截面上的分布更加均匀,液速峰值下降,有利于维持活性污泥的团聚作用,对提高流化床污泥负荷有利;整体气含率下降3.5%~6.9%,应用时可加入漏斗型内构件予以改进;在水解与好氧生物的模拟过程中,底隙区十字挡板的置入更能优化水力条件,湍流动能耗散率最大降低31.9%,对降低系统能耗提供了有利证据.研究证明,反应器内构件的设置通过流体力学性能的数值模拟可以成为一种优化开发的捷径技术.     

GeoChip-based analysis of the microbial community functional structures in simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification process

The elemental sulfur （S^0） recover）, was evaluated in the presence of hi,ate in two development models of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （SDD） process. At the loading rates of 0.9 kg S/（m^3.day） for sulfide and 0.4 kg N/（m^3.day） for nitrate, SO conversion rate was 91.1% in denitrifying sulfide removal （DSR） model which was higher than in integrated simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （ISDD） model （25.6%）. A comprehensive analysis of functional diversity, structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities was examined in two models by using functional gene array （GeoChip 2.0）. GeoChip data indicated that diversity indices, community structure, and abundance of functional genes were distinct between two models. Diversity indices （Simpson＇s diversity index （1/D） and Shannon-Weaver index （H′）） of all detected genes showed that with elevated infiuent loading rate, the functional diversity decreased in ISDD model but increased in DSR model. In contrast to ISDD model, the overall abundance of dsr genes was lower in DSR model, while some functional genes targeting from nitrate-reducing sulfide-oxidizingbacteria {NR-SOB）, such as Thiobacillus denitrficans, Sulfurimonas denitrificans, and Paracoccus pantotrophus were more abundant in DSR model which were highly associated with the change of SO conversion rate obtained in two models. The results obtained in this study provide additional insights into the microbial metabolic mechanisms involved in ISDD and DSR models, which in turn will improve the overall performance of SDD process.     

污泥焚烧炉气动分配阀优化改造研究

文章阐述了循环流化床技术在污泥焚烧领域的应用及在实际应用中出现的问题,针对循环流化床锅炉系统的气动分配阀在实际操作中出现的问题进行了分析,进一步分析了气动阀存在的问题对整个系统的影响,确定了对其改造的方案,并付诸实施,气动阀的改造不但稳定了系统操作,亦使各项排放指标达到了国家标准,获得了循环流化床技术应用于污泥焚烧的操作经验,同时使得循环流化床技术在污泥焚烧领域的应用趋于成熟,并为循环流化床技术在污泥处置领域的推广奠定了基础。