倾斜巷道内火灾逆流层变化规律数值模拟

为确定矿井火灾时期逆流层长度变化规律,给逃生与救护工作提供参考,以下行通风倾斜巷道为研究对象,建立长80 m、宽4 m、高3.5m拱形巷道模型,通过数值模拟的方法,确定多组火灾工况下烟气逆流层的变化规律.结果表明:巷道入口端风速在0.5～3 m/s增大,烟流逆流层长度随之减小,减小幅度逐渐变缓;火源烟流放散速度在5～25 m/s增大,逆流层长度随之增大,且增加幅度逐渐变缓;人口端风速条件固定为1 m/s,巷道倾角在O°～45°增加,火源烟气放散速度小于18 m/s时,逆流层长度随巷道倾角增加而减小,火源烟气放散速度大于18 m/s时,逆流层长度随巷道倾角增加而增加.     

聚乙烯废塑料流化床裂解炉的设计

利用热裂解法可将废塑料制成液体燃料和化学品,其对保护环境及社会的可持续发展有重要意义。对废塑料的裂解油化现状及热裂解反应做了初步的研究,并确定了一种适合的工艺流程;通过设计计算确定了聚乙烯废塑料流化床裂解炉中影响裂解的主要性能参数,对裂解炉的结构设计过程做了较详细的阐述,为流化床反应器的设计提供参考。     

移动床生物膜反应器处理生活污水的研究

通过小试规模的移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理陕西科技大学污水处理厂生活污水的实验研究,探讨了水力停留时间、冲击负荷、pH对反应器处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在HRT为10 h,进水ρ(COD)为300 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为35 mg/L,填料体积填充率为35%,pH为7左右时,MBBR反应器对COD、TN的去除率分别为87.38%、68%。     

钙硫比对烧结烟气循环流化床脱硫效率的影响

对不同钙硫比条件下烧结烟气循环流化床脱硫效率进行了研究,研究结果表明:在循环流化床脱硫系统中,保持烟气流量、循环物料量、喷水量、进出口烟气温度、入口SO2浓度等参数不变的条件下,提高钙硫比在短时间内并不能明显提高脱硫效率,其影响脱硫效率是通过钙硫比的改变实现循环物料量成分的变化,使循环物料量中有效吸收剂的比例增加,从而实现脱硫效率的提高。     

垃圾焚烧发电厂循环流化床焚烧炉优化改造

针对垃圾焚烧发电厂循环流化床焚烧炉存在的炉膛内部受热面吸热份额较大和受返料器影响的问题,重点进行减少掺煤量的焚烧炉燃烧室优化改造,进一步控制污染排放,达到节能降耗,取得了较好的经济效益。     

深床过滤颗粒截留机理研究

对深床过滤过程中颗粒物与滤料之间的相互作用进行了理论分析,讨论了两者间的相互作用及影响因素对微絮凝深床过滤进行了中试研究,考察了1～l0μm粒径颗粒在500cm滤床中的截留情况,并连续65h监测滤柱水头损失的变化;在滤速为24m/h情况下,计算了1～10μm粒径颗粒所受的水流剪切力;利用理论分析,分别讨论了表面电位为-25mV及-125mV、粒径为1～10μm的颗粒与滤料之间的物理化学作用力.理论计算值对实验结果进行了很好的解释,说明可以通过颗粒与滤料间的作用力分析来研究均质滤料深床过滤运行规律.     

Laboratory study on high-temperature adsorption of HCI by dry-injection of Ca（OH）2 in a dual-layer granular bed filter

Combustion-generated hydrogen chloride （HCl） is considered to be a very hazardous acid gaseous pollutant. This paper presents a laboratory study on the dry adsorption of HCl. The experiments were conducted in a dual-layer granular bed filter, at gas temperatures of 500℃-700℃ and n（Ca）/n（Cl）molar ratios of 1.0-5.0 using the silver nitrate titration method by dry adsorbent powders Ca（OH）2. Mainly, the adsorption efficiency of HCI and utilization efficiency of Calcium were studied, by varying relevant factors including n（Ca）/n（Cl）, tempera- ture, feeding method, water vapor and CO2. With a relatively higher HCl concentration of 1000ppm, the experimental results revealed that 600℃ may be the optimum temperature for HCl adsorption when optimum n （Ca）/n（Cl） was 2.5 in our tests. The results also demonstrated that the feeding at a constant pressure was more effective, and the HCl adsorption efficiency could rapidly reach over 90% with n（Ca）/n（Cl） = 2.5 at 600℃. Furthermore, the HCl adsorption efficiency was found to be slightly promoted by water vapor, while could be impeded by CO2, and the utilization efficiency of calcium could be up to 74.4% without CO2, while was only 36.8% with CO2 when n（Ca）/n（Cl） was 2.5 at 600℃.     

微电解法对高浓度染料废水的脱色作用研究

以难生化降解的甲基橙为实验染料,采用铁碳微电解法对高浓度染料废水脱色进行模拟实验.主要研究了水力停留时间(HRT)、温度和pH值对色度去除率的影响和铁碳床的再生条件.室温(20℃)条件下,最佳实验条件为:HRT=30 min,pH=5-6,铁碳床运行周期为20 h.废水温度提高有利于提高脱色效果.实验结果表明,400mg/L的甲基橙实验水样,在最佳实验条件下经过微电解法处理,色度去除率可达85%以上,CODCr去除率达到30%左右.在相同实验条件下,铁碳微电解法处理混合染料废水,色度去除率降低到64.7%.铁碳床运行失效后,用6%～8%的稀硫酸循环再生1 h,可继续使用,运行效果良好,但运行周期有所缩短.     

Characterization, leachability and valorization through combustion of residual chars from gasification of coals with pine

This paper presents the study of the combustion of char residues produced during co-gasification of coal with pine with the aim of characterizing them for their potential use for energy. These residues are generally rich in carbon with the presence of other elements, with particular concern for heavy metals and pollutant precursors, depending on the original fuel used.The evaluation of environmental toxicity of the char residues was performed through application of different leaching tests (EN12457-2, US EPA-1311 TCLP and EA NEN 7371:2004). The results showed that the residues present quite low toxicity for some of pollutants. However, depending on the fuel used, possible presence of other pollutants may bring environmental risks.The utilization of these char residues for energy was in this study evaluated, by burning them as a first step pre-treatment prior to landfilling. The thermo-gravimetric analysis and ash fusibility studies revealed an adequate thermochemical behavior, without presenting any major operational risks.Fluidized bed combustion was applied to char residues. Above 700 °C, very high carbon conversion ratios were obtained and it seemed that the thermal oxidation of char residues was easier than that of the coals. It was found that the char tendency for releasing SO₂ during its oxidation was lower than for the parent coal, while for NO_X emissions, the trend was observed to increase NO_X formation. However, for both pollutants the same control techniques might be applied during char combustion, as for coal. Furthermore, the leachability of ashes resulting from the combustion of char residues appeared to be lower than those produced from direct coal combustion.     

湿法腈纶废水的生化处理

采用水解酸化—固定化微生物流化床—氧化混凝联合工艺处理湿法腈纶废水.该工艺采用的高效菌微生物固定化技术及新型氧化混凝技术均对湿法腈纶废水有较好的处理效果.实验结果表明:在水解酸化温度为42℃、水解酸化运行周期为20 h的条件下,接种活性污泥和高效菌的SBR的COD去除率为26.0％;在新型氯铁型氧化混凝剂加入量为15 mL/L的条件下,混凝出水COD可降至66 mg/L.水解酸化—固定化微生物流化床—氧化混凝联合工艺的总COD去除率可达89.4％.