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511.
煤层气采出水水质及其对土壤和植物影响研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
煤层气是优质的能源和化工原料。但在其开采过程中,排出的大量煤层气采出水对土壤和植物的影响以及其相应的评价与修复是一个非常重要的环境问题。文章从煤层气采出水中的元素种类及其形态变化、有机污染物含量变化等方面综述了不同区域煤层气采出水水质状况。在此基础上,分析了煤层气采出水灌溉土壤对土壤和植物的影响。主要包括土壤pH变化;一些元素及离子可能导致土壤发生盐化和钠质化作用及其影响因素;植物生物量和物种多样性的变化及优势种的改变等。针对不同区域煤层气采出水的相关水质状况以及其对土壤及植物的影响,提出了相应的控制修复措施。最后,提出了未来该领域需要加强研究的方面,以期为未来合理、安全地利用煤层气采出水提供相关参考。 相似文献
512.
513.
Inhibition and recovery of nitrification in treating real coal gasification
wastewater with moving bed biofilm reactor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was used to treat real coal gasification wastewater. Nitrification of the MBBR was inhibited
almost completely during start-up period. Sudden increase of influent total NH3 concentration was the main factor inducing nitrification
inhibition. Increasing DO concentration in the bulk liquid (from 2 to 3 mg/L) had little e ect on nitrification recovery. Nitrification of
the MBBR recovered partially by the addition of nitrifying sludge into the reactor and almost ceased within 5 days. Nitrification ratio
of the MBBR achieved 65% within 12 days by increasing dilute ratio of the influent wastewater with tap water. The ratio of nitrification
decreased to 25% when influent COD concentration increased from 650 to 1000 mg/L after nitrification recovery and recovered 70%
for another 4 days. 相似文献
514.
Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB)reactors.Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start- up time.Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant(SWWTP) containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration.The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge,sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year,and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves.The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD)removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration.The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h.SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences.SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp.was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance.The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible. 相似文献
515.
基于结构参数响应的内循环流化床流体特性优化数值模拟 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
流化床是一种结构复杂而能量转化高效的反应器型式,为了实现系统化的内循环流化床优化设计,利用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型构建了不同结构的CFD流化床模型,在分别改变高径比、导流筒与反应器的直径比和底隙高度3个结构因素的情况下,考察流化床内全流场、局部流场、液相运动速度及气含率等气液两相流的响应特性,分析结构因素及操作因素对流体运动的内在影响,阐明工程优化设计的方向.数值模拟结果表明:高径比主要影响气液流动型态,低高径比时容易出现漩涡和返混,工程中应采用导流内构件并重视气体分布装置的合理设计;导流筒与反应器的直径比主要影响液体循环速度,存在一个合理的区间,考虑流动速度与气含率,流化床直径比可取0.6~0.8,最佳取值为0.7;底隙高度影响流化床底泥区的流体运动,应约等于流化床下降区的缝隙长度.CFD模拟可作为污染控制技术工业放大和优化设计的辅助工具. 相似文献
516.
A continuous fluidized bed bioreactor (FBBR) with nylon support particles was used to treat synthetic sulfide wastewater at different hydraulic retention time of 25, 50 and 75 min and upflow velocity of 14, 17 and 20 m/hr. The effects of upflow velocity, hydraulic retention time and reactor operation time on sulfide oxidation rate were studied using statistical model. Mixed culture obtained from the activated sludge, taken from tannery effluent treatment plant, was used as a source for microorganisms. The diameter and density of the nylon particles were 2-3 mm and 1140 kg/m3, respectively. Experiments were carried out in the reactor at a temperature of (30 ± 2)℃, at a fixed bed height of 16 cm after the formation of biofilm on the surface of support particles. Biofilm thickness reached (42 ± 3) μupm after 15 days from reactor start-up. The sulfide oxidation, sulfate and sulfur formation is examined at all hydraulic retention times and upflow velocities. The results indicated that almost 90%-92% sulfide oxidation was achieved at all hydraulic retention times. Statistical model could explain 94% of the variability and analysis of variance showed that upflow velocity and hydraulic retention time slightly affected the sulfide oxidation rate. The highest sulfide oxidation of 92% with 70% sulfur was obtained at hydraulic retention time of 75 min and upflow velocity of 14 m/hr. 相似文献
517.
Nitrogen removal and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a fluidized bed step-feed process 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
For urban wastewater treatment, we conducted a novel four-stage step-feed wastewater treatment system combined with a fluidized bed laboratory experiment to investigate chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, and total nitrogen (TN) removal performance. The removal rates of COD, NH4+-N and TN were 88.2%, 95.7%, and 86.4% with effluent concentrations of COD, NH4+-N and TN less than 50, 8, and 10 mg/L, respectively. Biomass and bacterial activities were also measured, with results showing more nitrobacteria in the activated sludge than in the biofilm; however, bacterial activity of the biofilm biomass and the activated sludge were similar. Nitrogen concentrations during the process were also detected, with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification found to be obvious. 相似文献
518.
519.
介绍电袋组合式除尘器在燃煤电厂240t循环流化床锅炉尾部静电除尘器改造工程中的应用,主要内容包括系统设计、除尘器设计、环保部门的测试结果以及取得的改造效益,并对其结构和技术特点做了进一步的阐述。 相似文献
520.
张振涛 《中国安全生产科学技术》2020,16(4):176-181
针对旋转填料床除尘效率低和运行能耗高的问题,通过改变上旋转填料环填料(上填料)和下旋转填料环填料(下填料)的孔隙率,增加填料环直径形成填料床壁面外突实现设备优化,研究超重力因子和气速对气流剪切错流旋转填料床(GSC-RPB)和新型气流剪切错流旋转填料床(NGSC-RPB)的影响,并提出应用品质因子评判填料床综合性能的方法。实验结果表明:优化前后旋转填料床的除尘效率和气相压力随着气速和超重力因子的增加而增加;NGSC-RPB的除尘效率较GSC-RPB有显著提高,NGSC-RPB的气相压降则略有降低;在达到国家超低排放浓度标准即5 mg/m3的前提下,通过对品质因子的分析可知,NGSC-RPB的综合性能有所提高,在气速为1.3 m/s,超重力因子为90~120时NGSC-RPB的综合性能最优。 相似文献