生物流化床处理生活污水的动力学研究

本研究采用颗粒活性炭（Granule Activated Carbon,GAC）为填料,考察了生物流化床（Biological fluidized Bed,BFB）处理生活污水的动力学.研究结果表明,GAC-BFB内生物膜的表现产率YoA为2.3057gVSS/gCOD,微生物细胞衰减常数Kd为0.3056d-1;基质降解动力学中米氏常数Ks为0.2182mg/L,反应速率常数K为13.09 mg/（l·h）.GAC-BFB的微生物生长动力学拟合方程为1/θc=2.3057q-0.3056,R2=0.9549; GAC-BFB的基质降解动力学拟合方程为1/U =0.2182＊1/S ＋0.0764,R2 =0.9972,该微生物生长动力学拟合方程及基质降解动力学拟合方程能较好的反映GAC-BFB系统的出水水质状况,本研究所获得的动力学关系和动力学参数可作为GAC-BFB系统的设计依据.     

超重力-O_3-Fenton氧化法深度处理彩涂废水

在旋转填充床(RPB)中,采用O3-Fenton氧化法深度处理实际彩涂废水。实验结果表明:在反应温度为25℃、气体流量为150 L/h、液体流量为30 L/h、初始p H为7、反应时间为5.0 min、Fe2+浓度为0.10 mmol/L、H2O2浓度为1.0 mmol/L、RPB转速为1 000 r/min的条件下,彩涂废水的COD去除率达到99.7%,比非超重力O3-Fenton体系的处理效果高出60.0百分点。表明超重力技术对O3-Fenton氧化法深度处理彩涂废水具有良好的强化效果。     

Circulating fluidized bed biological reactor for nutrients removal

A new biological nitrogen removal process, which is named herein “The circulating fluidized bed bioreactor (CFBBR)”, was developed for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and organic matter. This process was composed of an anaerobic bed (Riser), aerobic bed (Downer) and connecting device. Influent and nitrified liquid from the aerobic bed enters the anaerobic bed from the bottom of the anaerobic bed, completing the removal of nitrogen and organic matter. The system performance under the conditions of different inflow loadings and nitrified liquid recirculation rates ranging from 200% to 600% was examined. From a technical and economic point of view, the optimum nitrified liquid recirculation ratewas 400%. With a shortest total retention time of 2.5 h (0.8 h in the anaerobic bed and 1.5 h in the aerobic bed) and a nitrified liquid recirculation rate of 400% based on the influent flow rate, the average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen (TN) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) were found to be 88% and 95%, respectively. The average effluent concentrations of TN and SCOD were 3.5 mg/L and 16 mg/L, respectively. The volatile suspended solid (VSS) concentration, nitrification rate and denitrification rate in the system were less than 1.0 g/L, 0.026-0.1 g NH₄ ⁺-N/g VSS·d, and 0.016–0.074 g NO_x ⁻-N/g VSS·d, respectively. __________ Translated from Environmental Engineering, 2007, 25(6): 2, 7–10 [译自: 环境工程]     

中试MBBR反应器启动CANON工艺及其短程硝化

采用150 L的移动床生物膜(MBBR)反应器,控制温度为28℃,以无机高氨氮(平均浓度350 mg·L~(-1))废水为原水,启动全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺,同时,取其中絮状污泥至5L的SBR反应器中,维持进水NH~+_4-N浓度为90～200 mg·L~(-1),共同进行短程硝化恢复研究.结果表明,MBBR反应器中,HRT平均为12 h时,短程硝化与TN去除率互相制约,TN去除率平均为38.2%,δNO~-_3-N/TN值平均为0.274,当HRT降至6h后,δNO~-_3-N/TN值由0.347下降至0.146; SBR反应器通过间歇曝气,分别维持曝气与停曝时间为30 min与20 min,好氧过程中DO浓度为0.5～0.6 mg·L~(-1),且每周期末FNA浓度高于0.18 mg·L~(-1)时, 12 d后系统内NAR由0增长至99.2%,NUR从24.8 mg·(g·h)~(-1)降至0,TN去除率则由13%降至3%,成功由全程硝化转变为短程硝化;高通量测序结果显示:MBBR反应器中Candidatus Kuenenia在絮状污泥和生物膜中的相对丰度分别为7.91%及17.38%,Nitrosomonas在二者中分别占27.43%和2.55%,Nitrospira则在二者中占0.30%和0.28%; SBR反应器恢复短程硝化后,AOB与ANAMMOX丰度分别下降至1.18%和0.01%,Nitrospira的相对丰度则上升至1.39%.     

污泥与煤在循环流化床混烧过程中的汞排放特性

在密相床截面积为0.23m×0.23m、高度为7 00m的循环流化床燃烧试验装置上进行了含汞污泥与煤的混烧试验.测试并分析讨论了污泥与煤混烧过程中汞的分布,探讨了Ca/S摩尔比、脱硫剂种类、过量空气系数等运行参数以及烟气成分对汞在烟气、飞灰和炉渣中形态分布的影响规律.结果表明,大部分汞进入烟气,且元素汞是混烧烟气中的主要存在形态.钙基脱硫剂对烟气中氧化态汞有较强的吸附脱除作用,CaO对汞的脱除效果要好于CaCO3.随着烟气中SO2、NOx浓度的增大,烟气中二价汞所占份额呈上升趋势.过量空气系数对烟气和灰渣中汞的浓度和形态分布有较大的影响.     

Stability of expanded granular sludge bed process for terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

Terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater(TPD wastewater), containing averaged 710 mg/L terephthalic acid(TA) as the main carbon source and the character pollutant, was subjected to expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) process. The stability of the EGSB process was firstly conducted by laboratory experiment. TA ionization was the predominated factor influencing the acid-base balance of the system. High concentration of TA in wastewater resulted in sufficient buffering capacity to neutralize the volatile fatty acids(VFA)generated from substrate degradation and provided strong base for anaerobic system to resist the pH decrease below 6.5. VFA and UFA caused almost no inhibition on the anaerobic process and biogas production except that pH was below 6.35 and VFA was at its maximum value. Along with the granulating of the activated sludge, the efficiency of organic removal and production rate of biogas increased gradually and became more stable. After start-up, the efficiency of COD removal increased to 57%—64%, pH stabilized in a range of 7.99—8.04, and production rate of biogas was relatively high and stable. Sludge granulating, suitable influent of pH and loading were responsible for the EGSB stability. The variation of VFA concentration only resulted in neglectable rebound of pH, and the inhibition from VFA could be ignored in EGSB. The EGSB reactor was stable for TPD wastewater treatment.     

颗粒层除尘器过滤状态压力损失的研究

根据Ｍｅｈｔｅｒ等人提出的过滤状态下颗粒层除尘顺压力梯度比表达式，建立了压力损失数学模型，该模型表明过滤状态下的压力损失与初始压力损失，粉尘在颗粒层中的沉积率和积灰量有关。收石英砂颗粒层的压力损失的实验结果，确定了粉尘沉积率计算公式，最终得出了过滤状态下颗粒层压力损失随过滤时间和粉尘在颗粒层中积灰量的变化规律，从而为合理地选择过滤风速和确定清灰制度提供了依据。     

逆流湍动床短程硝化反应器的运行性能及基质抑制动力学模型

采用模拟含氨废水和逆流湍动床(inverse turbulent bed.ITB)反应器研究了短程硝化工艺的运行性能及基质抑制动力学模型.结果表明,采用"预挂膜"和"快速排泥"的联合挂膜方法,以及"低浓度,高负荷"的启动策略,可在20 d将ITB短程硝化反应器NH4+-N负荷升至0.59 kg·(m3·d)-1,实现快...     

水中腐殖酸的O_3氧化与其生物可降解性实验研究

分析探讨了水中DBPs的重要先质———腐殖酸的臭氧化机理 ,采用O3氧化作为生物预处理 ,可以提高腐殖酸的生物降解能力。实验研究表明O3氧化 +生物流化床组合工艺下HA的UV- 2 50 和CODMn的去除率与单独生物处理相比 ,预臭氧化后水中有机物生物降解能力可提高30 %左右。     

沸石复合填料生物流化床在污水处理中的试验

新型沸石复合填料生物流化床的填料为悬浮填料与沸石的有机组合体,该填料表面粗糙比表面积为711～1185m²/m³,是悬浮填料的2～3倍,且在污水处理中,挂膜容易,生物相丰富,且不易脱落;该新型填料生物膜致密,沸石内部的孔穴中长有较多的原生物,有利于氨氮的转化.实验结果表明,当流化床深度处理生活污水处于稳定状态时,出水COD_Cr浓度为15.2～28.7mg/L,去除率为48%～84.5%;出水NH₄⁺-N浓度≤2mg/L,去除率92%～98%.处理后的生活污水达到发电厂循环冷却水水质指标.