Understanding conservationists’ perspectives on the new‐conservation debate

A vibrant debate about the future direction of biodiversity conservation centers on the merits of the so‐called new conservation. Proponents of the new conservation advocate a series of positions on key conservation ideas, such as the importance of human‐dominated landscapes and conservation's engagement with capitalism. These have been fiercely contested in a debate dominated by a few high‐profile individuals, and so far there has been no empirical exploration of existing perspectives on these issues among a wider community of conservationists. We used Q methodology to examine empirically perspectives on the new conservation held by attendees at the 2015 International Congress for Conservation Biology (ICCB). Although we identified a consensus on several key issues, 3 distinct positions emerged: in favor of conservation to benefit people but opposed to links with capitalism and corporations, in favor of biocentric approaches but with less emphasis on wilderness protection than prominent opponents of new conservation, and in favor of the published new conservation perspective but with less emphasis on increasing human well‐being as a goal of conservation. Our results revealed differences between the debate on the new conservation in the literature and views held within a wider, but still limited, conservation community and demonstrated the existence of at least one viewpoint (in favor of conservation to benefit people but opposed to links with capitalism and corporations) that is almost absent from the published debate. We hope the fuller understanding we present of the variety of views that exist but have not yet been heard, will improve the quality and tone of debates on the subject.     

Ethical considerations when conservation research involves people

Social science is becoming increasingly important in conservation, with more studies involving methodologies that collect data from and about people. Conservation science is a normative and applied discipline designed to support and inform management and practice. Poor research practice risks harming participants and, researchers, and can leave negative legacies. Often, those at the forefront of field-based research are early-career researchers, many of whom enter their first research experience ill-prepared for the ethical conundrums they may face. We draw on our own experiences as early-career researchers to illuminate how ethical challenges arise during conservation research that involves human participants. Specifically, we considered ethical review procedures, conflicts of values, and power relations, and devised broad recommendations on how to navigate ethical challenges when they arise during research. In particular, we recommend researchers apply reflexivity (i.e., thinking that allows researchers to recognize the effect researchers have on the research) to help navigate ethical challenges and encourage greater engagement with ethical review processes and the development of ethical guidelines for conservation research that involves human participants. Such guidelines must be accompanied by the integration of rigorous ethical training into conservation education. We believe our experiences are not uncommon and can be avoided and hope to spark discussion to contribute to a more socially just conservation.     

Development of inherent safety and health index for formulated product design

The numerous formulated products which are introduced to the market consist of chemical ingredients that may cause various safety and health hazards to the consumers. Therefore, it is extremely important to practice a systematic methodology to formulate products with acceptable safety and health performances. This work presents an index-based methodology to assess the safety and health hazards of the ingredients during the early formulation stage of product design. Hence, new inherent safety and health sub-indexes are introduced to improve the current safety and health hazards that are needed in formulated product design. The inherent safety and health sub-indexes are assigned with scores based on the degree of potential hazards. A higher score indicates a higher safety risk or severe health effect, and vice versa. The proposed methodology will greatly assist the users to identify the adverse safety and health effects caused by the ingredients. Hence, it is pivotal to eliminate or reduce the safety and health impacts from product usage. A case study on common ingredients used in the formulation of paint is presented on this study to describe the proposed method.     

论“限期治理”的法律性质

“限期治理”是我国环境保护法的一项基本制度,文章从四个方面详尽地阐述了“限期治理”决定不是一种行政处罚行为,即“限期治理”决定不具有行政处罚的一般特征;“限期治理”决定并并未对行政管理相对人的权利作任何否定;该决定不会影响行政管理相对人固有权利义务的消长;从“环保法”法典的篇章结构安排上和行政行为的性质上分析,“限期治理”决定也不是一种行政处罚行为。正确理解“限期治理”的法律性质,可以避免对企业行     

一种有效提高拉深成形性能的方法

提出了一种能有效减小拉深件最大厚度变薄量 ,提高拉深成形极限及拉深件质量的夹紧式拉深模具结构 ,并已用于实际生产中。叙述了该模具结构特点及其工作原理 ,对有关工艺参数的影响进行了实验研究 ,并对实验结果进行了分析。     

扬子鳄资源数量、价值及开发利用现状

对扬子鳄资源的经济、生态及科研价值进行合理的评价；根据扬子鳄野外及人工养殖的资源数量,论述了扬子鳄资源开发利用的现状及存在的问题,并分析了扬子鳄资源开发利用的发展对策     

Extreme value analysis of Munich air pollution data

We present three different approaches to modelling extreme values of daily air pollution data. We fitted a generalized extreme value distribution to the monthly maxima of daily concentration measures. For the exceedances of a high threshold depending on the data, the parameters of the generalized Pareto distribution were estimated. Accounting for autocorrelation, clusters of exceedances were used. To obtain information about the relationship of the exceedance of the air quality standard and possible predictors we applied logistic regression. Results and their interpretation are given for daily average concentrations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide at two monitoring sites within the city of Munich.     

Spatial and Temporal Features of Ambient Air-Quality over Taiwan

This study analyzed a time series data of daily subPSI values to determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of ambient air-quality in Taiwan by employing the Varimax rotational method. The first and second rotational principal components nearly accounted for 54 and 19% for the variation of subPSI values over Taiwan. The factor loadings between rotational principal components and subPSI values of air pollutants identified the first and second components as combustion and photochemical sources, respectively. Time series analysis of rotational component scores associated with regions showed the relationships between rotational components and subPSI values and also revealed the optimum simulation period for combustion and photochemical sources.     

关于提高挥发酚测定质量的探讨

探讨了在水样采集及分析测定过程中，如何保证分析结果的可靠性和准确性。     

对现行监测结果报告规则的粗浅看法

监测结果的报告是整个环境监测工作的结晶。它要求必须实事求是，才能为环境管理提供科学依据。而现行的监测结果报告规则。存在着人为夸大和缩小两方面的弊端，低于检出限的监测结果的表述模糊。不能真实的反映监测对象的实际情况，对人们了解环境质量状况及环境容量不能提供准确依据。给环境管理与环境规划等工作造成误导，本文以实例作了说明，并提出解决的方法。