阳离子染料废水处理的工艺研究

首先采用两级物化－电解－吸附工艺对高浓度阳离子染料生产废水进行预处理,再与低浓度生产废水、生活污水混合生化处理,总脱色率和CODcr去除率均可达到99．9％以上,达标排放。     

一种新型石墨电极的制备及其对苯酚的去除

为了探索一种对有机废水处理有效、廉价、来源广泛、环境友好的电极,以石墨、环氧树脂、固化剂和丙酮为原料,研究制备了一种新型石墨电极 (NGE). 分别采用热水浸泡、乙醇溶液回流、丙酮回流、超声-丙酮回流以及电化学法对制备的石墨电极进行预处理,前三者效果较差,超声-丙酮回流可改善处理效果,但不够理想,电化学法可取得满意的效果.苯酚降解的UV光谱分析表明,尽管商品石墨电极 (CGE) 比NGE具有更高的苯酚氧化效率,但其电解液积累大量的苯醌,而NGE电解液中苯醌积累量少,并且电解过程中逐渐降低. NGE比CGE具有更好的TOC去除效果,两者TOC去除率分别为40%和31%. SEM分析结果表明,CGE被严重腐蚀,NGE无明显变化,表现出良好的稳定性.     

乳化液废水均相催化湿式氧化动力学

在2L高压间歇反应釜中,以高浓度难降解乳化废水为处理对象,研究了温度对铜盐均相湿式氧化的影响和动力学特征.结果表明:升高温度对加快后期反应速度更为有利,催化剂有利于中间产物氧化,在200℃催化活性最高,在进水COD48 400mg/L,反应2h去除率为86.6%;催化剂在不同温度作用下机制有所差别:200℃时3个途径反应速度均加快,中间产物加速氧化更明显;220～240℃时反应向生成中间产物方向偏移,活性降低;通用模型能较好地预测均相催化过程.     

脱氮-混凝气浮-UASB-接触氧化法处理垃圾填埋渗滤液

采用脱氮—混凝气浮—UASB—接触氧化工艺处理高氨氮、高浊度的垃圾渗滤液，使处理后出水的各项指标完全达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级新扩改标准。对废水处理系统的工艺作了简单介绍，并对系统的调试、运行过程进行了技术总结。     

微电解接触氧化系统处理水源中2-氯酚研究

在微电解接触氧化系统中,研究了2-氯酚的降解特性和机理。在酸性溶液中,2-氯酚的降解效率比其在中性和碱性溶液的高。向其中加入活性炭,由于表面催化的作用使得2-氯酚更易降解。溶液中的溶解氧参与电极反应并促进2-氯酚的降解。降解产物有1,2-苯二酚、丙三醇、草酸和乙酸。通过对中间产物的分析,提出了2-氯酚可能的降解途径。     

Promoting effect of vanadium on catalytic activity of Pt/Ce–Zr–O diesel oxidation catalysts

A series of Pt–V/Ce–Zr–O diesel oxidation catalysts was prepared using the impregnation method. The catalytic activity and sulfur resistance of Pt–V/Ce–Zr–O were investigated in the presence of simulated diesel exhaust. The effect of vanadium on the structure and redox properties of the catalysts was also investigated using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method,X-ray diffraction, H2temperature-programmed reduction, CO temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Results showed that the Pt particles were well dispersed on the Ce–Zr–O carrier through the vanadium isolation effect, which significantly improved the oxidation activity toward CO and hydrocarbons. An electron-withdrawing phenomenon occurred from V to Pt, resulting in an increase in the metallic nature of platinum, which was beneficial to hydrocarbon molecular activation.     

催化湿式氧化处理造纸废水的研究

以过渡金属氧化物CuO为活性组分,采用催化湿式氧化法处理造纸废水,考察Cu负载量、催化剂用量、反应温度对废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明:固定氧气分压在2.5MPa和反应时间3h,催化剂用量为3g,Cu负载量为4%,反应温度为220℃,500mL浓度为3250mg/L造纸废水的COD去除率为90%,色度去除率为89%,pH值由9.6变为7.8。另外,对催化剂进行再生处理和稳定性测试。结果表明:450℃下活化3h,在上述相同反应条件下,对原废水的COD去除率降低为88%,重复使用9次后对废水的COD去除率仍能保持在85%左右。     

生态工程组合工艺应用于城市污水处理厂尾水深度处理

针对城市污水处理厂尾水的特点,采用生态氧化池／垂直流人工湿地／自然湿地生态工程组合工艺对其进行深度处理,重点分析了运行效果和去除机理。数据结果表明,该工艺运行稳定,系统出水COD,BOD5,NH3-N和TP平均分别为14．4,3．4,0．84,0．19mg／L,平均去除率均在65％以上,出水水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中Ⅳ类标准。     

Influence of environmental temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on activated carbon fibers coated TiO2

TiO₂ supported on active carbon fiber (TiO₂/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO₂/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO₂/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO₂/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T = 25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system. __________ Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(5): 10–13 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态]     

硝酸盐对矿化垃圾中兼/厌氧甲烷氧化的影响

设计全因子实验研究了NO-3-N对填埋10~12 a的矿化垃圾中兼/厌氧甲烷氧化作用的影响.结果表明,兼/厌氧条件下,NO-3-N能促进矿化垃圾中CH4的去除.初始CH4和NO-3-N对CH4去除和N2产生有明显影响,且两者具有交互作用(P<0.05).CH4去除量随着初始CH4体积分数的增加而增加,添加一定含量的NO-3-N能促进CH4去除,同时通入一定体积分数CH4可以明显促进反硝化作用,说明矿化垃圾中NO-3-N还原能与兼/厌氧甲烷氧化耦合.本实验条件下,初始CH4体积分数为30%,NO-3-N含量为110 mg·kg-1时耦合效应较好.