聚天冬氨酸的阻垢分散性能

以马来酸酐和铵盐为原料合成聚天冬氨酸,对聚天冬氨酸进行了红外光谱和差热-热重分析表征,并对其阻碳酸钙垢及分散氧化铁的性能做了较系统的研究。结果表明：所得产品的产率均在98．11％以上,并基本具备目标产物聚天冬氨酸的各种官能团;热分解温度为386．3℃;当加入量为4mg/L时,其阻垢率已接近100％;当加入量为30mg/L时,分散氧化铁性能最好,溶液透光率为48．7％。     

不同温度条件下呋喃丹对赤子爱胜蚓体内蛋白含量以及SOD和AChE活性的影响

采用滤纸法研究不同温度下呋喃丹对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)死亡率、体内蛋白含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性的影响.研究发现,10 ℃下,蚯蚓体内蛋白含量在30 mg·L-1呋喃丹处理时略有升高,而后随时间和浓度的升高,蛋白含量则随之降低;各浓度处理组的SOD活性值基本上高于对照组,48和72 h的SOD活性比24 h时平均提高220%和148%.时间和浓度对蛋白含量和SOD活性的影响达到极显著(P＜0.01).而在20 ℃下,蚯蚓体内蛋白含量和SOD活性变化规律均不明显,表明当温度升高时,呋喃丹对蚯蚓生理生化指标的作用更趋于复杂.在2种温度下,农药对蚯蚓体内AChE活性都具有明显抑制作用,AChE活性在处理时段内的最高降低率为90%.结果表明:温度对蚯蚓死亡率、蛋白含量以及SOD和AChE活性影响显著,AChE可以作为一个稳定的生物监测指标用于评价农药对土壤环境的污染影响.     

区域开发SEA综合评价体系初探

根据区域可持续发展的要求,为了实现区域环境保护从战略酝酿阶段就参与区域国民经济综合评价,本文首次尝试提出了一套实际操作性强的、定量的、着眼于整体的区域可持续性发展SEA综合评价模式,并以成都市羊安工业集中发展区为例,从经济、社会、环境三个子系统出发建立指标体系对其进行综合评价。     

双酚A替代品与双酚A对非洲爪蛙急性毒性及其应激响应的比较

双酚F(bisphenol F, BPF)和双酚AF(bisphenol AF, BPAF)作为双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)的替代品已被投入生产和使用,然而目前有关BPA替代品毒性的数据还很缺乏。本文从急性毒性和应激响应2个方面比较了BPF、BPAF与BPA对非洲爪蛙蝌蚪的毒性。结果表明,48 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))顺序为BPF(11.01 mg·L~(-1))>BPA(7.54 mg·L~(-1))>BPAF(2.87 mg·L~(-1));对氧化应激水平的影响BPAF强于BPA,BPF与BPA相近;BPA和BPAF对热休克蛋白基因表达水平有影响,BPF没有影响。本研究提示,BPAF作为BPA的替代品,其毒性强于BPA,而BPF与BPA类似。     

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in media for in vitro fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most important treatments of infertility to provide a chance of conceiving. In IVF treatment, sperm are washed and motile sperm are isolated with sperm washing media (SWM) for the purpose of fertilization; fertilized ova are then incubated for a maximum of 5 or 6 d in media for IVF (IVFM). The exposure of fertilized ova to chemicals via such media has not been studied. We determined the concentrations of two contaminants; di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and its hydrolyzed product mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) in IVFM, SWM, and protein sources (PS: human serum albumin or serum substitute) for IVFM and SWM. The DEHP and MEHP in these media were extracted by a liquid-liquid extraction method and their concentrations determined by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Fifteen IVFM, nine SWM, and six PS obtained in Japan were examined. The concentrations of DEHP and MEHP in IVFM and SWM were <10-114 and <2.0-263 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. The concentrations of both DEHP and MEHP were higher in the media containing PS than in those without PS. Either MEHP alone or both DEHP and MEHP were detected in PS. The concentrations of DEHP and MEHP in PS were <10-982 and 47.0-1840 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. The DEHP and MEHP detected in these media were derived from PS. This is the first study on the chemical contamination of IVFM, SWM, and PS.     

Silica nanoparticles and silver-doped silica nanoparticles induce endoplasmatic reticulum stress response and alter cytochrome P4501A activity

Engineered silica nanoparticles (SiO₂-NPs) find widespread application and may lead to exposure of humans and the environment. Here we compare the effects of SiO₂-NPs and SiO₂-NPs doped with silver (SiO₂-Ag-NPs) on survival and cellular function of human liver cells (Huh7) and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) fibroblast cells (FMH). In Huh7 cells we investigate effects on the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), including ER stress, and interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters. The NPs formed agglomerates/aggregates in cell culture media as revealed by SEM and TEM. SiO₂ and SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs were taken up into cells as demonstrated by agglomerates occurring in vesicular-like structures or freely dispersed in the cytosol. Cytotoxicity was more pronounced in Huh7 than in FMH cells, and increased with silver content in silver-doped NPs. Dissolved silver was the most significant factor for cytotoxicity. At toxic and non-cytotoxic concentrations SiO₂-NPs and SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs induced perturbations in the function of ER. In Huh7 cells NPs induced the unfolded protein response (UPR), or ER stress response, as demonstrated in induced expression of BiP and splicing of XBP1 mRNA, two selective markers of ER stress. Additionally, SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs and AgNO₃ induced reactive oxygen species. Pre-treatment of Huh7 cells with SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs followed by exposure to the inducer benzo(a)pyrene caused a significant reduced induction of CYP1A activity. NPs did not alter the activity of ABC transporters. These data demonstrate for the first time that SiO₂-NPs and SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs result in perturbations of the ER leading to the ER stress response. This represents a novel and significant cellular signalling pathway contributing to the cytotoxicity of NPs.     

地下城市综合管廊的抗火构造与消防设计

综合管廊作为现代化城市的基础设施,能够从根本上解决管线埋设或架立引起的挖掘道路、影响交通、破坏景观等问题。提高道路和公用管线的管理水平,有效利用地下空间,提高防灾能力,是现代化都市的必然要求。本文从管廊的构造、抗火设计要求、管线布置、消防系统等方面出发,对地下城市综合管廊的设计提出了一些具体的建议。     

优选粉煤灰制备人工合成沸石及去除氨氮研究

7种粉煤灰样品的物理化学性质,如元素组成、结晶相组成、比表面积、灼失量、阳离子交换容量和pH得到表征。采用熔融法提取硅铝效率作为粉煤灰原料优选的依据,并通过L9（34）正交实验研究氢氧化钠投加量、熔融温度、氢氧化钠提取液浓度和体积对于硅铝提取效果的影响。结果表明,湿式除尘技术收集的低品位粉煤灰比电除尘技术所收集粉煤灰更...     

2种处理方法水解剩余污泥蛋白质的研究

运用了木瓜蛋白酶、超声波和蛋白酶联合使用的2种处理方法水解剩余污泥蛋白,以水解液中蛋白质提取率为指标,分析了2种水解处理方法对剩余污泥处理效果的影响。蛋白酶水解提取法的最佳条件是：反应体系木瓜蛋白酶的浓度为6％,固液比为1：4,水解温度为55℃,水解时间为5．5h;蛋白质的提取率为51．71％。超声波和蛋白酶联合的最佳条件是：P=30W,T=45min,蛋白质的提取率为66．60％。结果表明,超声波和蛋白酶联合使用的水解方法优于蛋白酶水解。     

碳源对铜绿微囊藻生理特性及微囊藻毒素产率的影响

为研究水体中不同碳源对铜绿微囊藻生理特性的影响,以Na2CO3与葡萄糖分别作为铜绿微囊藻生长的无机碳源与有机碳源,将铜绿微囊藻于光照下进行培养,并对其一系列的生理特性与微囊藻毒素产率进行检测。实验结果表明,同等碳浓度下,有机碳源更能促进铜绿微囊藻的生长,经过30 d的培养,铜绿微囊藻在有机碳源中的产量为187.55 g,比其在无机碳源中的产量提高了6.06%;微囊藻毒素在有机碳源中的产量为969.00μg/g,而在无机碳源中的产量却升高至1 193.60μg/g。参与藻毒素合成的3种氨基酸在无机碳源中的浓度要比有机碳源中的浓度高,但是其余几种氨基酸的含量与之情况相反。而有机碳源培养的铜绿微囊藻总可溶性蛋白含量为387.00μg/g,比无机碳源培养的铜绿微囊藻的蛋白含量提高了93.60%。