Synthesis,separation and structure determination of 2,3,3'‐trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 20)† and 3,3’,4‐trichlorobiphenyl (PCB35)†

The combined synthesis and spectrometric characterization of 2,3,3'‐trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 20) and 3,3’,4‐trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 35) is described for the first time. By a combination of highly efficient column distillation and repeated recrystallizations it was possible to isolate the two products as reference materials with a purity exceeding 99%. X‐ray analysis of crystals of 2,3,3'‐trichlorobiphenyl positively identified the substitution pattern of the biphenyl moiety by chlorine atoms. The two phenyl rings are at an angle of 52°, while the relative disposition of the chlorine atoms on both rings is closer to anti than to syn.     

三种常用氨基甲酸酯类农药人工抗原合成方法的设计与优选

农药人工抗原的合成直接影响制备抗体的质量,是建立农药分子特异性强、灵敏度高的免疫分析方法的关键。本文综述了国内外对于氨基甲酸酯类广泛使用的3种农药甲萘威、克百威、涕灭威人工抗原合成过程中的农药分子半抗原的设计原则、合成方法,人工抗原的设计、优选及影响因素等方面的研究进展。     

Research on the Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources of Jinan City

Abstract

The study on the sustainable utilization of water resources of Jinan city is a research hotspot in the urban sustainable development field. How to use a scientific and rational evaluation index system to analyze the sustainable utilization of water resources of Jinan city and then guide the development and utilization of water resources becomes particularly important. Based on the theory of sustainable development this study introduces the method, basic steps and evaluation indexes of the assessment of the development and utilization of water resources. By systemic analyzing the exploitation and utilization standards of water resources and economy and society in Jinan city, the evaluation and index system of sustainable utilization of water resources in Jinan city can be constructed and index weight can be confirmed, and then, the standard of sustainable utilization of water resources in different years can be analyzed comparably. Thus, the deficiency of lack of reflection of coordination extent in water resources development standard, society and economy in traditional evaluation method is settled efficiently. The paper takes the sustainable utilization of water resources of Qingdao City in 2008 as the standard to compare and assess the water resources utilization in Jinan City. The paper also collects data of water resources in Jinan City from 2001 to 2007. The result indicates that evaluation method is of feasibility and it is effective to the implementation of sustainable utilization strategy water resources in Jinan City.     

离子型水面溢油凝油剂的制备与性能研究

以壳聚糖、十四酰氯、氯乙酸为主要原料,合成了一种离子型壳聚糖水面溢油凝油剂,并用IR对其结构进行了表征。实验结果表明:当壳聚糖:十四碳脂肪酸酰氯:氯乙酸的摩尔比为11∶.51∶.5时,得到的凝油剂具有较好的凝油性能和较强的适应性,用于水面柴油、机油、苯、二甲苯的回收处理,不但回收处理效果好,而且基本不受水盐度的影响。     

MAMA双功能螯合剂前体的合成及结构表征

双功能螯合剂在放射性药物的研究、合成、应用,特别是在生物分子的放射性标记方面发挥着极为重要的作用.本文采用简易方法合成了MAMA双功能螯合剂前体,N-(2"-对甲氧苄巯乙基)-2-[(2'-对甲氧苄巯乙基)氨基]乙酰胺,并通过Uv-vis、IR、1HNMR、MS以及元素分析等对其结构组成进行了确证;同时,利用Gaussian 03W程序对其进行了结构优化描述,并计算了相应的分子能量.此外,对制备得到的前体进行了稳定化处理,将其转化为盐酸盐形式,并用IR、1HNMR等进行了检验,确定了此处理是合理可行的.     

区域可持续发展战略规划的理论与方法研究

实施区域可持续发展战略规划是落实科学发展观的需要。结合广东省江门市可持续战略规划的实践,对可持续发展规划的概念、内涵、基本框架以及技术流程进行探讨。基本结论是：区域可持续发展战略规划应以“环境社会系统”全新的视角,回答一个区域该如何化解“三大供需矛盾”,消除“三大危机”,提高区域可持续发展能力的问题;对区域环境社会系统这类开放型复杂巨系统进行可持续发展战略决策,需采用专家经验与计算机建模相结合、反复试错、多元互动的综合集成方法。     

Time aggregation of nitrogen leaching in relation to critical threshold values

Leaching of nitrate contributes to the deterioration of groundwater and can consequently have a negative influence on the quality of our drinking water. Critical threshold values for nitrogen leaching are established to preserve groundwater quality. A critical threshold value for nitrate leaching of 50 mg 1⁻¹ (11.3 mg N 1⁻¹), similar to the drinking water standard, serves as a threshold value for European countries. However, the temporal aggregation scale on which this threshold value should be considered is unknown. A well tested simulation model was used to evaluate the exceedance of the threshold value at different time aggregation levels, ranging from one day till 30 yr. For three different soil structure types within one soil type and a selected fertilisation regime, the aggregated nitrogen leaching over 30 yr was 11.4, 19.2 and 10.6 mg 1⁻¹. Considering an aggregation level of one day, the critical threshold value of 11.3 mg N 1⁻¹ was exceeded 2973, 5801 and 2556 times, respectively, for the three structure types during 30 yr. By considering other time aggregation levels, a clear relation resulted between time aggregation level and the number of time elements during which the critical level was exceeded. Results strongly indicate that a critical threshold value for leaching should include an associated time-aggregation level.     

DEHP经sirt1/pgc-1a通路诱导的HepG2细胞线粒体损伤效应

为研究邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）是否通过sirt1/pgc-1a通路对细胞产生损伤效应， 通过体外培养HepG2细胞，在1.6， 8， 40， 200， 1000mmol/L DEHP处理24或48h后，采用CCK-8测定细胞活力，ATP试剂盒检测细胞内ATP含量，NO试剂盒检测细胞上清NO含量，ELISA试剂盒检测细胞上清炎症因子TNF-a、IL-6的含量；同时在DEHP作用于HepG2细胞24或48h后，用Western blot检测线粒体调控基因sirt1、pgc-1a，nrf1、tfam的蛋白表达.结果表明：不同浓度的DEHP处理24， 48h后，细胞活力在高剂量都呈显著下降趋势.DEHP能引起ATP含量的显著下降、炎症因子含量的显著提高，但NO含量无显著变化.4种线粒体调控基因的蛋白表达水平sirt1、pgc-1a，nrf1、tfam在24h时无显著变化.而在48h时，随着剂量增加蛋白含量呈上升后下降趋势，并且sirt1在8mmol/L呈显著上升趋势，随后每个蛋白都在1000mmol/L显著下降（P < 0.05）.DEHP能引起HepG2细胞氧化应激，并通过影响sirt1/pgc-1a信号通路表达来影响线粒体生物合成从而造成细胞损伤.     

三环式开发草类资源生产蛋白质食物技术

草类资源分布广、贮量大、成分复杂；至今大部分仍处于自生自灭之中，而人类所需蛋白质营养十分紧张，赖以生存的肉乳蛋品生产所需高蛋白饲料也很缺乏．传统农业、畜牧业、水产业已不能满足这两大需要。作者在科学实验和生产实践的基础上，从工业化生产角度提出以草类为基础原料．经蕈菌－蚯蚓－禽畜３个环节生产蛋白质食物的新工艺路线，对补充上述两大需求的来源提出了一条有效的途径。     

Population dynamics of beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga) (Coccina,Pseudococcidae) related to physiological defence reactions of attacked beech trees (Fagus sylvatica)

Summary Changes in the density of beech scale infestation (Cryptococcus fagisuga) of a mature beech stand (Fagus sylvatica) were investigated after gap-cutting in limed and unlimed areas bordering on the gaps and in untreated areas over a 5-year period. Parallelly the concentrations of sucrose, protein amino acids, and procyanidins were examined in the inner and outer bark of non-infested beech trees and beeches infested by beech scale.Irrespective of liming in the areas bordering on the gaps the proportion of beech trees with increasing beech scale infestation was significantly higher, the proportion of beeches with diminishing infestation was significantly lower than in the untreated control areas. Trees with the same infestation tendency occurred in clusters.Physiological defence reactions in the inner and outer bark of the infested beech trees were registrated as an increase in the procyanidin content and a decrease in the protein amino acid content. A change in the outer bark—inner bark—ratio of the infested beech trees showed a transfer of compounds between the inner and outer bark. During the period of observation long-lasting shifts occurred in the pattern of compounds of the bark irrespective of actual infestation intensity.