用于废水处理系统中目标酵母动态解析的绿色荧光蛋白基因质粒构建

绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)可用于研究复合微生物体系中特定目标功能菌的特性及动态变化,本研究为确立用于解析酵母细胞在混合酵母废水处理系统中的动态特性的GFP技术体系奠定了基础.将gfp基因克隆到酵母载体pACT-URA3中,再用构建的重组质粒转化宿主菌大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli JMl09),扩增得到含gfp的重组质粒,荧光显微镜照片显示gfp基因在大肠杆菌内得到了表达,但表达程度不高;电泳图谱及聚合酶链反应结果表明,含gfp基因的质粒不是以游离的形式存在,而可能是以某种特殊的形式和细胞染色体发生了相互作用.     

PFS-PS硅铁絮凝剂的合成形态及应用研究

实验采用活化硅酸 ,自制聚合硫酸铁为原料 ,在不同碱化度和Si/Fe摩尔比条件下 ,制备出聚合硅酸硫酸铁 (PFS PS)无机高分子絮凝剂。考察影响产品稳定性的因素 ,分析了产品Fe(Ⅲ ) ,Si(Ⅳ )的形态分布特征。并以炼油厂浮渣为处理对象 ,对影响硅铁絮凝剂絮凝性能的合成因素进行了考察。     

(S)-2-Methyl-1-hexanol,characteristic mandibular gland substance of ants of theCataglyphis bicolor group

Summary In all the species of theCataglyphis bicolor group examined yet, i.e.C. bicolor, C. diehli, C. isis, C. nodus, andC. viaticus, 2-methyl-1-hexanol is the characteristic substance and almost the only substance found in the mandibular glands. Its chirality has been determined inC. bicolor and shown to be exclusively (S)-2-methyl-1-hexanol.     

广东省森林球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白含量及影响因素

植被和土壤组成的差异将影响土壤微生物的组成及动态,土壤微生物的动态变化将体现在微生物产物上。球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(Glomalin-related soil protein,GRSP)被认为是唯一来源于丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF)的糖蛋白,是土壤碳库的稳定组分,可用于指示AMF对土壤碳固持的影响。鉴于已有GRSP相关研究多集中在样点尺度,缺乏区域水平的研究这一事实,该研究选择广东省164个代表性森林样地为研究对象,通过测定表层(0-10 cm)土壤GRSP含量、土壤理化性质,旨在了解广东省森林土壤中GRSP水平及其对土壤有机碳固持的贡献。结合土壤理化性质、植被特征探讨区域范围内GRSP的影响因素。结果表明,(1)广东省森林土壤表层土(0-10 cm)中总球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(total GRSP,T-GRSP)质量分数为(3.26±0.11) g?kg-1,易提取球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(easily extractable GRSP,EE-GRSP)质量分数为(1.11±0.03) g?kg-1,植被起源和植被类型对GRSP含量的影响不显著,GRSP在地带性土壤中呈现黄壤>红壤>赤红壤>砖红壤的显著变化趋势。(2)针叶林GRSP的平均水平高于常绿阔叶林,这一趋势与3种植被类型下灌木草本层生物量的趋势一致。(3)GRSP与土壤有机碳含量、阳离子交换量呈显著正相关关系,与土壤pH值呈显著负相关关系,GRSP含量随土壤细颗粒(粒径<50μm)含量的增加而增加。广东省森林土壤GRSP对土壤有机碳的绝对贡献率为2.3%,GRSP能够与土壤细颗粒结合促进土壤团聚体的形成,并提高土壤保水性能和肥力。     

Transmembrane transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria and functional regulation of membrane proteins

• Explaintheadsorption, uptake and transmembrane transport of PAHs by bacteria. • Analyze functional regulation of membrane proteins inthe transmembrane transport. • Proteomics technology such as iTRAQ labeling was used to access expressed proteins. • Single cell analysis technology wereused to study the morphological structure. In recent years, increasing research has been conducted on transmembrane transport processes and the mechanisms behind the microbial breakdown of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including the role of membrane proteins in transmembrane transport and the mode of transmission. This article explains the adsorption, uptake and transmembrane transport of PAHs by bacteria, the regulation of membrane protein function during the transmembrane transport. There are three different regulation mechanisms for uptake, depending on the state and size of the oil droplets relative to the size of the microbial cells, which are (i) direct adhesion, (ii) emulsification and pseudosolubilization, and (iii) interfacial uptake. Furthermore, two main transmembrane transport modes are introduced, which are (i) active transport and (ii) passive uptake and active efflux mechanism. Meanwhile, introduce the proteomics and single cell analysis technology used to address these areas of research, such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology and Nano Secondary ion mass spectrometry (Nano-SIMS). Additionally, analyze the changes in morphology and structure and the characteristics of microbial cell membranes in the process of transmembrane transport. Finally, recognize the microscopic mechanism of PAHs biodegradation in terms of cell and membrane proteins are of great theoretical and practical significance for understanding the factors that influence the efficient degradation of PAHs contaminants in soil and for remediating the PAHs contamination in this area with biotechnology.     

诺氟沙星对海月水母螅状体Hsp70基因、GTP结合蛋白基因和氧化应激蛋白基因表达的影响

诺氟沙星(norfloxacin,NFLX)广泛应用于水产养殖中的鱼类细菌性疾病治疗。为探讨诺氟沙星对海洋生物的毒性作用,选择海月水母螅状体为受试生物,考察了不同浓度诺氟沙星和不同暴露时间对GTP结合蛋白(GTP binding protein)、氧化应激蛋白(oxidative stress protein)和热休克70 k Da蛋白(heat shock 70 k Da protein,Hsp70)表达量的影响。结果表明,NFLX对海月水母螅状体的48 h的半致死浓度(48 h-LC_(50))是415.1 mg·L~(-1),NFLX对海月水母螅状体的毒性属于低毒。随着NFLX浓度的升高和培养时间的延长,Hsp70基因在第7天浓度300 mg·L~(-1)时表达量受到显著性诱导(P0.05),较对照组升高9.1倍;GTP结合蛋白基因和氧化应激蛋白基因的表达量都呈现先急剧升高后降低的趋势。2个基因均在第1天受到显著性诱导(P0.05),分别在NFLX浓度100 mg·L~(-1)和300 mg·L~(-1)时表达量达到最大值,较对照组升高10.15倍和50.5倍。Hsp70基因、GTP结合蛋白基因和氧化应激蛋白基因在实验期间都对NFLX表现出较好的响应。     

不同植物叶片臭氧伤害症状及其生理响应机制的差异

快速发展的城市化和工业化引起近地层臭氧浓度不断升高,对城市绿化植物具有很大的毒性伤害。选择城市常见的景观植物万寿菊、矮牵牛及圆叶牵牛为供试植物,利用开顶式气室,研究了不同植物臭氧伤害症状及其生理响应机制的差异。结果表明:1)臭氧暴露后,供试植物叶片均出现了不同程度的臭氧伤害,或叶脉间黄化(万寿菊和矮牵牛),或出现白色斑点(圆叶牵牛),且随臭氧浓度升高其黄化程度加剧,白色斑点亦扩张形成白色斑块,最终叶片从症状形成的地方开始干枯。2)臭氧暴露加剧了供试植物叶片膜脂过氧化程度,但对可溶性蛋白含量没有显著影响,说明植物生长后期臭氧暴露并没有造成蛋白质退化进而引起植物抗臭氧胁迫能力的下降。3)臭氧暴露后万寿菊叶片茉莉酸含量降低,矮牵牛叶片水杨酸含量显著升高,而圆叶牵牛既有水杨酸含量的升高又有茉莉酸含量的降低,说明不同植物对臭氧伤害的激素响应是不一致的,茉莉酸保护能力减弱引起了臭氧对万寿菊叶片伤害,水杨酸过度累积造成了矮牵牛叶片的臭氧直接伤害,而圆叶牵牛的臭氧伤害则是2种原因都可能存在。因此,在大气臭氧浓度尚不能有效控制的情况下,明确不同植物臭氧伤害形成的激素响应,以采取针对性保护措施维持其最大生态效益。     

Toxicity of new pyrethroid in pest insects Asciamonuste and Diaphania hyalinata,predator Solenopsis saevissima and stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula

There is increasing demand for new products for vegetable pest management. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of pyrethroids with acid moiety modifications to measure the insecticidal activity of these compounds on the lepidopteran vegetable pests Diaphania hyalinata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Asciamonuste (Latreille) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and evaluate their selectivity for the predatory ant Solenopsis saevissima (F. Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and pollinator Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae). Racemic mixtures of five new pyrethroids (30 µg molecule mg^?1 insect body weight) resulted in high (100%) and rapid (stable LD₅₀ after 12 h) mortality in D. hyalinata and A. monuste. In A. monuste, the trans-pyrethroid [12] isomer showed similar toxicity to permethrin. For D. hyalinata, the trans-pyrethroid [9] isomer and cis-pyrethroid [10] isomer were as toxic as permethrin. Due to their low selectivity, these new pyrethroids should be applied on the basis of ecological selectivity principles to minimize impacts on nontarget organisms S. saevissima and T. angustula.     

好氧颗粒污泥胞外聚合物的产生及其分布

考察了不同操作条件和基质条件对好氧颗粒污泥中胞外聚合物(EPS)产生的影响及其在污泥和体系上清液中的分布.结果表明:随体系操作条件和基质条件的变化,好氧颗粒污泥内部和上清液中的EPS含量呈规律性变化.相对而言,好氧颗粒污泥中EPS含量的变化幅度较小,过多的EPS则释放到上清液中.大量EPS的释放只发生在颗粒污泥解体时,而酸性条件和不适当的C/N比不利于好氧颗粒污泥的形成及形态保持.体系溶解氧为4.5 mg·l-1,pH为中性,污泥负荷小于等于0.37kgCOD·kg-1MLSS·d-1,碳氮比为20∶ 1时,好氧颗粒污泥中EPS的含量约占污泥总质量的9%-12%,与厌氧颗粒污泥(0.6%-20%)相近,但远低于絮状活性污泥(80%),此时,EPS在上清液中的含量最低或接近最低,为14-26 mg·l-1.     

Impact of hydrothermal process on the nutrient ingredients of restaurant garbage

In order to recover the nutrient resource from restaurant garbage, a complete trial with 2 factors on 5 levels of experiments was carried out. The temperature and heating time are the main factors influencing on hydrothermal process （HP） by which improves the degradability and digestibility of the restaurant garbage favorably to make animal feeds or fertilizer. The results showed the variation of protein, saccharide, and oil in the garbage. It showed that protein dissolved and liquefied during hydrothermal process, which made organic nitrogen in solid phase transfer to liquid phase. After heating at 180℃ for 60min, organic nitrogen in liquid phase began to transform into ammonia. It also showed that hydrothermal process could promote the dextrinization, dissolution of the starch and its hydrolysis to reducing sugar, due to that starch in the restaurant garbage decreases and reducing sugar increases. When the temperature reached 140℃, the reducing sugar started to decrease due to chemical reactions. The cellulose was stable at 100-180℃. The floatable oil increased markedly in the hydrothermal process. The suitable condition for de-oil was observed at 160℃ heating for 80 min. Furthermore, the extraction of grease from the solid phase accords with first-order reaction dynamic model.