重金属离子捕集剂DTC(EDA)的合成及其应用

将乙二胺与二硫化碳在水溶液中反应,合成了重金属离子捕集剂DTC(EDA).对合成反应的溶剂、温度和时间进行了优化试验研究.结果表明:以水为溶剂,温度为22℃,搅拌时间为2.5h,静止时间为2h,优化产率达到64.5%.并通过紫外光谱和红外光谱,表征了产物的光谱特性.用合成的DTC(EDA)处理含EDTA络合铜的废水,处理后的铜离子残余浓度为0.46mg·l-1,达到国家一级排放标准.     

二氧化硫衍生物对小鼠心、肝、肺蛋白质的氧化损伤作用

研究了二氧化硫(SO2)衍生物--亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠混合物(分子比为3:1),对小鼠心、肝、肺中蛋白质的氧化损伤作用,探讨其分子作用机制.连续5 d对动物腹腔注射SO2衍生物,每天注射剂量为0、0.025、0.100、0.400 g·kg-1.用2,4-二硝基苯肼比色法测定不同器官组织中蛋白质羰基含量.结果表明,SO2衍生物染毒剂量为0.025、0.100 和0.400 g·kg-1时,小鼠心、肝、肺蛋白质羰基含量染毒组与对照组相比均呈现不同程度的增加,不同器官羰基含量增量大小的次序为:肝＞肺＞心;其染毒剂量与心、肝、肺蛋白质羰基含量之间存在明显的剂量效应关系(p＜0.05),线性拟合确定系数分别为0.894、0.893和0.903.由此认为,SO2衍生物可引起小鼠心、肝、肺组织蛋白质的氧化损伤,以及不同组织器官的蛋白质氧化损伤程度不同.     

由维尼纶厂废液合成乙酸乙酯

本文以维尼纶厂废液中提取的乙醛为原料,通过缩合反应合成乙酸乙酯,乙醛转化率达91.5%,选择性达93.0%,并对乙醛的提取、催化剂合成及缩合反应进行了探讨.     

倒极电解法合成聚合氯化铝絮凝剂

为减少电解制备絮凝剂过程中的极化现象,用特制的自动倒极电源装置合成聚合氯化铝(PAC)絮凝剂。确定了合成的最佳工艺条件：电解槽电压2V;电流密度6A／dm2;倒极周期1s。与不采用倒极装置相比,在最佳条件下合成PAC时,该装置可明显抑制极化现象。处理模拟水样试验表明,该法制备产品的絮凝效果优于一般电解法制备产品及市售产品的絮凝效果。     

五氯酚对斜生栅藻的毒性效应研究

以斜生栅藻细胞的生长状况、色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素)及蛋白质含量的变化作为指标,研究了不同质量浓度的五氯酚(0,0.02,0.05,0.10,0.50,1.00 mg/L)对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的毒性效应.24,48,72,96和120 h五氯酚对斜生栅藻的EC50分别为0.883,0.283,0.225,0.168和0.192 mg/L.斜生栅藻生长受抑制程度随五氯酚质量浓度增加而加强,当五氯酚的质量浓度超过0.50 mg/L时,斜生栅藻的生长几乎完全受到抑制.染毒96 h的斜生栅藻色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素)含量以及蛋白质含量随着五氯酚质量浓度的增加呈下降趋势,色素比例失调,色素对五氯酚的敏感程度为:类胡萝卜素＞叶绿素a＞叶绿素b;可溶性蛋白质含量与色素含量的减少呈明显线性相关(r=0.793,n=6).      

水热法合成层状化合物α-磷酸锆

用水热法合成了α-Zr(HPO4)2·H2O(α-ZrP)晶体,并采用XRD、IR、TEM和TG-DSC等方法对其进行了表征.结果显示,用该法制得的α-ZrP,具有良好的结晶度,层间距达到7.65 A,平均粒度为900×300nm,呈较规则的六边形薄片状,晶形完美,并具有较高的热稳定性.获得了水热法合成α-ZrP的优化实验条件为磷酸浓度5M-10M和180℃下反应48小时以上.     

两性聚电解质絮凝剂的合成及特性粘数

研究了两性聚电解质絮凝剂的合成方法对其特性粘数的影响,发现单体配比、pH及聚合引发剂品种和剂量均对两性聚电解质絮凝剂的特性粘数有明显作用。     

Process conditions of preparing methanol from cornstalk gas

The low-heat-value cornstalk gas produced in the down-flow fixed bed gasifier was tentatively used for methanol synthesis. The cornstalk gas was purified and the technical procedures such as deoxygenation, desulfurization, catalytic cracking of tar, purification and hydrogenation were studied. The catalytic experiments of methanol synthesis with cornstalk syngas were carried out in a tubular-flow integral and isothermal reactor. The effect of reaction temperature, pressure, catalysttypes, catalyst particle size, syngas flow at entering end and composition of syngas was investigated. The optimum process conditions and yield of methanol from cornstalk syngas were obtained. The experimental results indicated that the proper catalyst of the synthetic reaction was C301 and the optimum catalyst size (φ) was 0.833 mm×0.351 mm. The optimum operating temperature and pressure were found to be 235℃ and 5 Mpa, respectively. The suitable syngas flow 0.9-1.10 mol/h at entering end was selected and the best composition of syngas were CO 10.49%, CO2 8.8%, N2 37.32%, CnHm 0.95% and H2 40.49%. The best methanol yield is 0.418 g/g cornstalk. The study provided the technical support for the industrial test of methanol production from biomass (cornstalk)gas.     

Phylogenetic Comparative Methods Strengthen Evidence for Reduced Genetic Diversity among Endangered Tetrapods

Abstract: The fitness of species with little genetic diversity is expected to be affected by inbreeding and an inability to respond to environmental change. Conservation theory suggests that endangered species will generally demonstrate lower genetic diversity than taxa that are not threatened. This hypothesis has been challenged because the time frame of anthropogenic extinction may be too fast to expect genetic factors to significantly contribute. I conducted a meta‐analysis to examine how genetic diversity in 894 tetrapods correlates with extinction threat level. Because species are not evolutionarily independent, I used a phylogenetic regression framework to address this issue. Mean genetic diversity of tetrapods, as assessed by protein heterozygosity, was 29.7–31.5% lower on average in threatened species than in their nonthreatened relatives, a highly significant reduction. Within amphibians as diversity decreased extinction risk increased in phylogenetic models, but not in nonphylogenetic regressions. The effects of threatened status on diversity also remained significant after accounting for body size in mammals. These results support the hypothesis that genetic effects on population fitness are important in the extinction process.     

原位合成CuO/ZnO-Al2O3水滑石衍生催化剂催化湿式空气氧化苯酚

采用原位合成法在γ-Al_2O_3表面合成了锌铝水滑石,再采用浸渍法制备了CuO/ZnO-Al_2O_3水滑石衍生催化材料,并将其应用于催化湿式空气氧化苯酚.同时,采用XRD、SEM、BET、H_2-TPR和N_2O滴定等手段对催化剂进行了表征,探讨了CuO含量对CuO/ZnO-Al_2O_3催化剂催化性能的影响.结果表明,当CuO负载量为10%时,催化剂的Cu比表面积最大,催化性能最佳,在200℃、2 MPa空气、苯酚初始浓度500 mg·L~(-1)的条件下,COD去除率为95.3%.