酶联免疫吸附法测定麻疯树核糖体失活蛋白

建立了一种检测麻疯树核糖体失活蛋白(Curcin)的简便、快速的酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA).ELISA条件优化试验结果显示:最佳条件为costar酶标板在紫外线下照射45 min后进行包被;抗原最适稀释度为1:640倍(2.5μg/mL);curcin抗血清最适稀释度为1:12 800倍;2%封闭用山羊血清封闭120 min;二抗最适稀释度为1:5 000倍.在此试验条件下检测curcin含量,得到回归方程y=31.722x+106.88,相关系数R2=0.993 3.Curcin浓度在0.08～11μg/mL之间,曲线呈良好的线性关系.本方法的最低检测限为0.08μg/mL.高、中、低3个浓度的添加回收率分别为95.56%、102.27%、98.40%,平均回收率为98.74%.板内和板间的平均变异系数分别为4.78%和6.71%.Curcin抗血清与2种大戟科同类蛋白均无交叉反应.利用本方法成功检测了麻疯树种仁及脱毒饼粕中的curcin含量.     

道化学指数评价法在淮化集团某合成氨厂的应用

化工企业由于工艺装置复杂、产品危险性高等特点极易发生事故,极小的安全隐患往往导致重大事故给企业甚至国家带来严重损失。为探求潜在事故的危险性和总损失,在对淮化集团的合成氨厂生产工序流程分析基础上划分三个评价单元,应用美国道化学公司火灾爆炸指数评价法对此三个评价单元分别进行评价并量化可能造成的损失。评价结果显示各评价子单元的危险等级分别为非常大、很大和最轻,采取安全补偿措施后危险等级降为较轻、较轻和最轻,说明采取措施后若发生事故损失将会减少,通过对比补偿前后的财产损失可以说明这一结论。从另一角度来看,表明合成氨厂有较大的安全隐患需有关管理者采取措施以保障安全生产。采用的道化学指数法比较准确地反映出了被评价单位的实际情况,为化工企业的安全生产、安全管理提供了一定参考。     

镉对瓯江彩鲤脏器组织蛋白质的氧化损伤作用

瓯江彩鲤(Cyprinus carpio var color)是浙江省大力推广的主要稻田养鱼鱼种,重金属污染对其生态毒理效应研究具有重要意义.针对镉胁迫瓯江彩鲤蛋白质氧化损伤效应,采用静态置换法,研究了0.412～2.059 mg·L-1浓度范围内的镉对瓯江彩鲤鳃、脑和肝脏组织蛋白质的氧化损伤作用.结果表明,瓯江彩鲤鳃...     

Colonization of Penicillium oxalicum SL2 in Pb-contaminated paddy soil and its immobilization effect on soil Pb

Penicillium oxalicum SL2 (SL2) is a previously screened Pb-tolerant fungus that can promote crops growth. The relationship between SL2 colonization and Pb immobilization was studied to provide a theoretical basis for microbial remediation of Pb-contaminated paddy soil. In this study, green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled SL2 was inoculated into different Pb-contaminated paddy soils (S1-S6). The Pb extracted from the soil by HNO₃, EDTA and CaCl₂ were used to characterize the available Pb. The results showed that the colonization of SL2 was divided into lag phase (0-7 days), growth phase (7-30 days), and mortality phase (30-90 days). SL2 colonized well in sandy soils rich in clay and total phosphorus with initial pH of 4.5-7.0. In addition, SL2 increased soil pH and decreased soil Eh, which was beneficial to immobilize Pb. In different soils, the highest percentages of CaCl₂-Pb, EDTA-Pb, and HNO₃-Pb immobilized by SL2 were 34.34%-40.53%, 17.05%-20.11%, and 7.39%-15.62%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the percentages of CaCl₂-Pb and EDTA-Pb immobilized by SL2 were significantly positively correlated with the number of SL2 during the growth phase. SL2 mainly immobilized Pb in the growth phase and a higher peak number of SL2 was beneficial to the immobilization of Pb.     

CTAB作用下绿色合成纳米铁的制备及降解孔雀绿

化学合成纳米铁存在成本高和二次污染等问题,探寻低成本、环境友好的合成方法是纳米技术在环境修复中的研究热点之一.本课题组前期采用绿茶提取液(GTE)还原Fe2+合成纳米铁颗粒(Fe NPs),发现GTE合成的Fe NPs易被氧化和团聚.本文采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对绿色合成纳米铁形貌和粒径进行改善,提高了纳米铁颗粒的分散性和抗氧化性.通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、UV-vis等表征手段对GTE合成的Fe NPs和CTAB作用下合成的Fe NPs的微观结构表征以及对孔雀绿降解效果对比表明:CTAB作用下合成的Fe NPs分散均匀,CTAB的包覆提高了Fe NPs的稳定性,从而提高了Fe NPs的反应活性.GTE合成的Fe NPs对孔雀绿的去除率为75.66%,而CTAB作用下绿色合成的Fe NPs的去除率高达91.06%.最后,提出了CTAB作用下GTE合成Fe NPs的可能机理.     

Alginate modifies the physiological impact of CeO2 nanoparticles in corn seedlings cultivated in soil

Alginates are naturally occurring components of organic matter in natural soil whose effects on nanoparticle （NP） toxicity to plants is not well understood. In the present study, corn plants were grown for one month in soil spiked with 400 mg/kg CeO2 NPs with various alginate concentrations. After one month of growth in the NPs impacted soil, plants were harvested and analyzed for Ce and mineral element concentrations. Chlorophyll concentration and heat shock protein 70, used as biomarkers for oxidative stress, were also evaluated. Results showed that, compared to CeO2 NPs treatment, alginate at 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg increased Ce concentration in roots by approximately 46%, 38%, and 29% and by 115%, 45%, and 56% in shoots, respectively. CeO 2 NPs without alginate increased Mn accumulation in roots by 34% compared to control. CeO2 NPs with low and medium alginate increased Mn by ca. 92% respect to NPs without alginate and by ca. 155% respect to control. CeO2 NPs without/with alginate significantly increased accumulation of Fe and Al in roots. In addition, alginate at 50 mg/kg increased Zn accumulation in roots by 52% compared to control. In shoots, K increased at all NP treatments but the accumulation of other elements was not affected. Alginate enlarged the impact of CeO2 NPs to corn plants by reducing chlorophyll a content and triggering overexpression of heat shock protein 70.     

蛋白质对PVDF超滤膜污染行为的界面微观作用力解析

采用原子力显微镜,结合自制微颗粒探针,对膜-污染物及污染物-污染物间微观作用力进行了检测分析,考察了不同p H条件下牛血清蛋白(BSA)在不同界面特性PVDF超滤膜上的膜污染行为.结果表明,在膜过滤初期,通量剧烈衰减主要由BSA和膜之间黏附力作用导致,在膜过滤后期,BSA与BSA之间的黏聚作用则是影响后期膜污染行为的主要因素;PA膜-BSA和PP膜-BSA之间的黏附作用力均大于BSA-BSA之间的黏聚作用力,说明在整个膜过滤过程中,BSA与PVDF超滤膜之间的黏附作用对膜污染起主导作用;相同p H条件下,PA膜-BSA之间的微观作用小于PP膜-BSA之间的相互作用力,说明亲水性较强的PA膜具有较强的抗污染性;而PA膜和PP膜过滤后期BSA-BSA之间黏聚力相差不大,也进一步说明膜过滤过程中膜-污染物之间的微观作用力是影响膜污染行为的主要因素.     

一种富勒烯衍生物的合成研究

富勒烯独特的分子结构,使其具有许多优异的物理性质,在光、电、磁、药物化学等方面有着广阔的应用前景.富勒烯研究几乎涉及物理学、化学以及材料科学的各个领域,同时对生物学、医学等也产生了巨大冲击,这使富勒烯家族成为当前科学界研究的热点.本文制备了一种水溶性富勒烯衍生物C60（NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2）m,并对其进行了红外吸收光谱和电喷雾质谱的表征.红外吸收光谱结果表明乙二胺已连接在C60上,电喷雾质谱结果表明C60与乙二胺的加成产物主要有C60 NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2、C60（NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2）2、C60（NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2）3和C60（NH2 CH2CH2 NH2）4.     

Thermal risk in batch reactors: Theoretical framework for runaway and accident

Thermal safety and risk of accidents are still challenging topics in the case of batch reactors carrying exothermic reactions. In the present paper, the authors develop an integrated framework focusing on defining the governing parameters for the thermal runaway and evaluating the subsequent risk of accident. A relevant set of criteria are identified in order to find the prior conditions for a thermal runaway: failure of the cooling system, critical temperature threshold, successive derivatives of the temperature (first and second namely) vs. time and no detection in due time (reaction time) of the runaway initiation. For illustrative purposes, the synthesis of peracetic acid (PAA) with hydrogen peroxide (HP) and acetic acid (AA) is considered as case study. The critical and threshold values for the runaway accident are identified for selected sets of input data. Under the conditional probability of prior cooling system failure, Monte Carlo simulations are performed in order to estimate the risk of thermal runaway accident in batch reactors. It becomes then possible to predict the ratio of reactors, within an industrial plant, potentially subject to thermal runaway accident.     

棱形十二面体Ag_3PO_4微晶的辅助合成及其可见光催化性能

以六次甲基四胺(HMTA)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为混合辅助剂,采用沉淀法合成了立方晶相棱形十二面体Ag3PO4微晶,对其进行了表征,并通过降解罗丹明B考察了其可见光催化活性。实验结果表明:以0.10g(25 g/mol(以Ag NO3计))HMTA和0.10 g PVP为混合辅助剂合成的棱形十二面体Ag3PO4微晶,其禁带宽度为2.17e V,对罗丹明B有较好的可见光催化活性;在8 mg/L罗丹明B溶液中加入0.4 g/L Ag3PO4,可见光照射12 min时,未添加辅助剂以及分别添加0.10 g PVP、0.10 g HMTA、0.10 g HMTA和0.10 g PVP混合辅助剂制备的Ag3PO4对罗丹明B的降解率分别为67.59%,76.25%,91.88%,99.64%;棱形十二面体Ag3PO4微晶重复使用4次后,罗丹明B的降解率仍达91.59%,说明该光催化剂具有较好的重复使用性能。