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721.
《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2012,55(4):445-456
Does the contemporary managerial approach in policy support ‘green’ community planning in rural areas? This question is addressed using the Policy Arrangements Approach (PAA). When PAA was applied to rural policy in the USA and the Netherlands, we observed an increasing effect of a managerial approach in both countries over the last 10–15 years, including the use of performance contracts and evaluation tools and the promotion of self-sufficiency and public entrepreneurship at the community level. In this paper we discuss how this managerial approach affected green community planning in rural areas in the USA and the Netherlands. Community planning is analysed using four dimensions: discourse; actor coalitions; resources and power; and rules of the game. Our analysis demonstrates that the managerial approach reinforces state power and puts efforts to address the higher-order ‘green’ needs of a community at risk. Different approaches for creating opportunities which encourage the emergence of public leadership, as well as new institutional designs, are required. 相似文献
722.
《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2012,55(5):637-660
Although many species have a larger range than the average sized farm, most agri-environment schemes (AES) involve contracts with individual land managers. However, in the Netherlands ‘collective contracts’ allow neighbouring land managers to co-ordinate environmental management at the landscape rather than the farm-scale. Findings from a study of Dutch Environmental Co-operatives (ECs) are used to discuss how collective contracts for environmental goods affect the following contractual issues associated with AES: transaction costs, asymmetry of information, the ‘hold-up’, ‘end-of-contract’ and ‘assurance’ problems and incomplete contracts. As a prerequisite for effective collective contracts requires land managers holding communal aims and interests, the techniques used by ECs to form like-minded groups are also reviewed. Government support for collective contracts can be justified because they: (1) reduce transaction costs; (2) improve ecological effectiveness; and (3) increase the policy options available. Government support for ECs can be justified (1) as compensation to members for the additional costs they incur co-ordinating group actions; (2) to assist collectives buy-in expert advice; and (3) because they increase participation rates by (a) helping counter the ‘hold-up’, ‘assurance’ and ‘incomplete contract’ problems, and (b) by framing decisions in ways that shift attitudes, values and aspirations among members. 相似文献
723.
《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2012,55(2):229-251
There is an increasing interest in the use of IT-based tools to encourage public participation in environmental decision making. Typically, this has involved the development of (predominantly prototype) systems applied in workshop scenarios with those stakeholders with an immediate interest in the planning issue in hand. Increasingly, however, the Internet is being used to explore the use of online visualisation and mapping tools, with evaluation often taking the form of feedback questionnaires that are used to refine such techniques. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how innovative visualisation techniques can enhance existing methods of information provision and public participation in a renewable energy setting. Specifically, we are concerned with examining participant opinions on the use of such tools to promote participation in relation to a proposed wind farm in South Wales. Our findings suggest that survey participants are generally optimistic regarding the potential for such software and overall give strong support for the development and implementation of these technologies in a real-world planning context. However, we suggest that such techniques need to be carefully tailored to the types of public engagement being sought in order to link particular tasks to specific technology types. 相似文献
724.
《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2012,55(10):1369-1386
This paper analyses mail surveys of residents living near two proposed offshore wind projects – Cape Wind off Massachusetts and Bluewater Wind off Delaware, and compares responses in 2005 or 2006 with 2009. On Cape Cod, compared with 2005, a majority (57%) now supports Cape Wind. Support in Delaware has remained relatively constant since 2006, reaching 80% in 2009. Questions examined reasons for support or opposition. A desire for energy independence is an increasingly significant reason for support in both areas and has motivated some individuals to switch from opposition to support. Conversely, those who switched from support to opposition said they were most concerned about fishing and recreational boating impacts. 相似文献
725.
《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2012,55(10):1531-1551
This study examines the determinants of Environment Management System (EMS) adoption by public wastewater treatment facilities in the US. Based on the literature, it considers the range of regulatory, market and political influences on EMS adoption. The paper also incorporates prior work on publicness theory to articulate possible sectoral differences related to voluntary policy adoption. Hypotheses are tested using ordered logistic regression on data from a national survey of public wastewater treatment facilities in the US. Findings indicate that public wastewater treatment facilities that perceive stricter environmental regulation and greater attention from environmental groups and the public are more likely to voluntarily adopt an EMS. In addition, facilities reporting a higher degree of publicness are more likely to adopt in response to politician demands and when they apply greater amounts of biosolids to land. The findings carry implications for policy makers who aim to encourage public sector voluntary initiatives. 相似文献
726.
《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2012,55(14):2393-2417
Climate change communication integrates climate education theory and practices. It indicates the public understanding of scientific knowledge on climate change, communicative context, public engagement, and adaption. It is important to communicate climate change messages successfully to various groups in society, including residents, environmental educators, policymakers, researchers, to increase public understanding of climate change. This study examines 454 journals, 1,408 articles and 51,786 references to explore the intellectual development and research fronts in the knowledge area of climate change communication. 相似文献
727.
Ravindra K Wauters E Tyagi SK Mor S Van Grieken R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,115(1-3):405-417
Public transport in Delhi was amended by the Supreme Court of India to use Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) instead of diesel or petrol. After the implementation of CNG since April 2001, Delhi has the highest fraction of CNG-run public vehicles in the world and most of them were introduced within 20 months. In the present study, the concentrations of various criteria air pollutants (SPM, PM10, CO, SO2 and NOx) and organic pollutants such as benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed before and after the implementation of CNG. A decreasing trend was found for PAHs, SO2 and CO concentrations, while the NOx level was increased in comparison to those before the implementation of CNG. Further, SPM, PM10, and BTX concentrations showed no significant change after the implementation of CNG. However, the BTX concentration demonstrated a clear relation with the benzene content of gasoline. In addition to the impact of the introduction of CNG the daily variation in PAHs levels was also studied and the PAHs concentrations were observed to be relatively high between 10 pm to 6 am, which gives a proof of a relation with the limited day entry and movement of heavy vehicles in Delhi. 相似文献
728.
Public demonstration projects are used to promote the upscaling of green‐manufacturing technologies in China, in order to expedite innovation ‘catch‐up’ and transitions to sustainable development. However, these projects are facing implementation challenges, because the relevant barriers are different from traditional demonstrations in new technological niches, when involving complex economic concerns and prolific small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as adopters. This paper, therefore, adopts a case‐based approach to investigate a specific example of a demonstration project in China to support the large‐scale diffusion of green technology and its pilot implementations. Through the case study, this paper reveals that these demonstrations face a different set of diffusion barriers in testing technologies and promoting learning. In addition, this case also shows that a new policy model may be needed in order to cope with these barriers, when emphasizing market‐oriented policies and non‐legislative actors as well as combining them with traditional mandatory measures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
729.
This paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment and especially the role of hydropower projects in achieving national development goals in the Lao PDR. It focuses on the environmental and social impacts of large‐scale projects by using the Theun‐Hinboun hydropower project as an example of controversies related to development interventions affecting livelihoods dependent on the natural resource base. Findings suggest that even though the Theun‐Hinboun hydropower project has evolved into a kind of model project, several questions related to the final impact on poverty reduction, mitigation of environmental and social impacts and the participation of project affected people remain open. The relative success of Theun‐Hinboun may not be easily repeated, especially as planned new hydropower schemes cause even more profound impacts on still largely subsistence based livelihoods and the environment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献
730.
突发公共事件应急心理干预机制的构建 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
邢娟娟 《中国安全生产科学技术》2007,3(3):65-68
突发公共事件往往会对人造成多方面的伤害,特别是对人的心理影响不容忽视,为突发公共事件受害人提供心理援助和应急心理干预,有助于社会公众及当事人正确对待突发事件的影响,对和谐社会的构建和安定的社会局面也有重要的意义。该文提出了加强突发公共事件国家心理预警和应急社会心理干预机制构建的重要作用,分析了心理干预机制构建的“四大因素”和基本原则;以抢险救援人员、社会公众、灾难性事故与事件的受害人为应急心理干预的对象,介绍了应急心理干预的基本任务与侧重点。最后,在分析的基础上,提出应将重大灾害的心理危机干预列入突发公共事件的应急预案。 相似文献