论环境规划中的公众参与

环境规划是环境保护管理工作的重要内容之 一，在规划的整个过程中公众参与是非常重要的。论 述了环境规划中公众参与的作用、存在问题和挑战。     

我国环境保护中的公众参与问题研究

阐述了公众参与的内涵和意义，介绍了公众参与在国际法、外国和我国环境立法实践的发展和现状。从参与形式、参与领域、参与过程、参与组织方式和参与基础5个方面分析了我国环境保护中公众参与存在的问题，并从法制保障、参与渠道和公众素养3个层面提出了完善我国环境保护中的公众参与的对策。     

循环经济发展模式下公众参与问题分析

中国循环经济工作的深入开展是一项系统工程，离不开公众的广泛、深入和积极参与。本文首先指出了公众参与在中国循环经济整体发展进程中具有基础性地位的重要作用；继而探讨了目前中国循环经济工作的公众参与方面主要存在着公众对循环经济的认识和参与技能严重不足，参与形式单一、范围较窄．各级政府部门职能尚未予以足够重视．环境资源NGOs较薄弱等障碍性因素；最后提出国家应积极从政策、制度层面来构筑公众参与的平台，并通过宣教、规制、激励等措施采提高公众参与中国循环经济工作的力度和效率。     

中国实施环境管理创新的机遇与挑战

日趋尖锐的能源危机及越来越多的国际间的贸易摩擦,一方面对中国的经济发展形成严峻的挑战,另一方面也激发了企业改进生产工艺、发展绿色生产的积极性,为中国的环境管理工作提出了新的机遇和挑战.目前,中国的环境管理事业还存在立法不足、资金短缺及地方保护主义等问题,由此环境管理力度必须要进一步加强.强化政府职能、鼓励公众参与、增加财政补贴及推进ISO14000体系的建立等是目前中国较为可行的办法.     

论我国环境公众参与制度的问题

环境公众参与制度在目前中国基本上是一片空白,笔者从“公众参与“的范畴界定及理论分析着手,分析了我国在此方面的现状,并提出了对建立我国未来环境公众参与制度的几点框架性建议,旨在通过推进环境民主化进程来实现真正对环境的有效保护.     

Evaluation of Public Housing Lead Risk Assessment Data

A unique data set from lead risk assessments performed on 67 public housing developments from across the United States was made available for analyzes. The data set includes results of lead analysis from 5906 dust wipes and from 1222 soil samples. A total of 487 dwelling units in these developments, as well as associated common areas, were sampled, all by the same team of inspectors. The number of dwelling units within a development that were sampled reflected the guidelines then in force, the 1990 Interim HUD Guidelines, rather than those specified in the 1995 Guidelines. Median dust lead loadings for floors, 151gm^–2 (14gft^–2), and window sills, 936gm^–2 (87gft^–2), were much less than former HUD limits of 1076gm^–2 (100gft^–2) and 5380gm^–2 (500gft^–2), respectively and are only about one-third of the recently established limits of 431gm^–2 (40gft^–2) and 2690gm^–2 (250gft^–2). In contrast, the median lead loading for window troughs, 8560gm^–2 (795gft^–2), was almost identical to the HUD clearance limit of 8610gm^–2 (800gft^–2). There was a strong positive correlation between floor and window trough lead loading values for samples from the same dwelling units and those from common areas of the housing developments. Door threshold samples, which may reflect conditions exterior to the dwelling unit, were collected from 53 dwelling units. Median lead loading levels of these samples were more than ten times higher than those in floor samples from the same dwelling units, were about the same as window sill samples and about one-half of levels in window trough samples. Composite sample results, simulated by averaging results from four samples within a dwelling unit, revealed that in order to have the same rate of excedence of standards, the composite standards would have to be reduced, for example, from the single sample value of 1076gm^–2 (100gft^–2) to 527gm^–2 (49gft^–2) for floor samples and from the single sample value of 8610gm^–2 (800gft^–2) to 5160gm^–2 (479gft^–2) for window troughs. For this public housing data set, the portion of the units in developments containing more than 225 units which exceeded the established limit for window samples was the same when using either the full data set or a random one-half of the data set. This suggests that, for this data set, the number of dwelling units sampled was excessive . Thus, the required increase in the number of dwelling units to be sampled specified in the 1995 Guidelines for developments with more than 225 dwelling units, may not have been necessary if this data set is representative of public housing developments in the United States.     

城市公共厕所对环境的卫生学研究

本文介绍了通过现场调查和实验研究,对六个城市的564座公共厕所进行了分析,结果为:水冲式公厕较非水冲式公厕卫生条件好,用卫生学指标评价水冲式公厕也明显好于非水冲式公厕.水冲式公厕臭气氨的浓度最低值0.11mg/m~3,最高值13.72mg/m~3,硫化氢最低值未检出,最高值0.006mg/m~3;蝇平均少于30只,蛆基本无.非水冲式公厕臭气氨的浓度最低值0.3mg/m~3,最高值26.47mg/m~3.硫化氢最低值未检出,最高值0.385mg/m~3;蝇平均多于30只顺每厕蹲位内多于15尾.研究表明公厕恶臭气体、蝇及她对城市环境和生态有明显的污染,应引起重视并加强改造和管理.     

加强高校干部队伍群众监督实践的探讨

加强干部队伍监督管理是高校组织工作的一个重要方面，群众监督将发挥其无法替代的作用。本文对高校干部队伍监督管理的目标、内容、重点，以及在高校干部管理中的特点及难点作了分析，对完善领导干部监督机制，特别是对其中的群众监督的实践进行了深入思考和探索。     

公众聚集场所火灾风险评价模型探讨

文章通过对公众聚集场所火灾风险的概率因素和后果因素的分析,提出了一种火灾风险评价的模型,该模型可用于同类公众聚集场所火灾风险之间的比较,为公众聚集场所的火灾风险管理提供了量化的依据,也为公共聚集场所的火灾风险评价提供了一种方法尝试。     

Integrating information for better environmental decisions

As more is learned about the complex nature and extent of environmental impacts from progressive human disturbance, scientists, policy analysts, decision makers, educators, and communicators are increasingly joining forces to develop strategies for preserving and protecting the environment. The Eco-Informa Foundation is an educational scientific organization dedicated to promoting the collaborative development and sharing of scientific information. The Foundation participated in a recent international conference on environmental informatics through a special symposium on integrating information for better environmental decisions. Presentations focused on four general themes: (1) remote sensing and data interpretation, including through new knowledge management tools; (2) risk assessment and communication, including for radioactively contaminated facilities, introduced biological hazards, and food safety; (3) community involvement in cleanup projects; and (4) environmental education. The general context for related issues, methods and applications, and results and recommendations from those discussions are highlighted here.