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71.
Catalano B Moltedo G Martuccio G Gastaldi L Virno-Lamberti C Lauria A Ausili A 《Chemosphere》2012,86(9):875-882
The aim of this study was to develop a preliminary characterization of the biological responses of Hediste diversicolor to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under controlled laboratory conditions. In order to test the effects of PAH exposure, a battery of biomarkers was applied to the polychaetes by exposing them to sublethal concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (0.1 and 0.5 mg L−1) for 10 d under laboratory conditions. The battery of biomarkers tested included oxidative stress biomarkers (glutathione content, enzymatic activities of catalase, glutathione S-transferases, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidases), total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) toward peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals and activity of acyl CoA oxidase (AOX) as a marker of peroxisome proliferation measured in the entire body; lipofuscin and neutral lipid accumulations and levels of Ca2+-ATPase activity analyzed in the intestinal epithelium; lysosomal membrane stability and genotoxic effects measured as DNA strand breaks and frequency of micronuclei in coelomocytes. Chemical analyses were also carried out to verify the polychaete’s benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) bioaccumulation levels after the exposure period. The results obtained indicate that B[a]P caused significant changes in most of the parameters measured in H. diversicolor. Biological responses to the organic compound were particularly significant for the biomarkers measured in the intestinal epithelium and in coelomocytes, emphasizing that these tissues were more affected during our experimental conditions. Considering the key trophic role of this benthic species in estuarine and coastal ecosystems, this study confirmed that H. diversicolor is an appropriate bioindicator of organic contamination. 相似文献
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苯并[a]芘(BaP)是一类兼具强致癌性和非致癌毒性的物质,可随PM_(2.5)经呼吸途径进入人体而威胁健康.本文采集2016年北京城区监测点PM_(2.5)样品并采用气相色谱质谱联用仪测定其载带BaP浓度.通过BaP的流行病学及动物毒理学数据的检索和分析,确定BaP呼吸暴露的致癌和非致癌毒效应评价终点及其剂量效应关系.运用伤残调整生命年(DALYs)指标估算了呼吸途径人群PM_(2.5)载带BaP暴露导致的疾病负担.结果显示北京市BaP导致总疾病负担为431.36 DALYs·a~(-1),每千人DALYs为0.03 a~(-1).其中非致癌效应的疾病负担为1.98 DALYs·a~(-1),致癌效应为429.39 DALYs·a~(-1).不同毒效应的疾病负担排序为:癌症(99.54%)发育毒性(0.41%)生殖毒性(0.04%).不同季节的疾病负担贡献差异较大.北京市BaP暴露导致疾病负担的主要贡献季节为冬季,疾病负担贡献的顺序为冬季(88.01%)秋季(4.91%)春季(4.34%)夏季(2.74%). 相似文献
75.
以辛基键合SBA- 15为固相微萃取(SPME)的吸附涂层,考察了吸附和解吸时间、萃取温度、搅拌速率对SPME效率的影响.该方法的线性范围为3.0-320μg/L,检出限为0.5μg/L,依据此方法测定了环境水样中芘,具有灵敏度高和精密度好的特点. 相似文献
76.
蚯蚓辅助微生物修复芘污染土壤 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过微宇宙实验,研究了蚯蚓对不同土壤中芘的微生物降解率的影响及蚯蚓对芘的富集率.结果表明,有机质较高土壤中芘的微生物降解率和蚯蚓富集率都低于有机质低的土壤,而老化作用降低了芘的生物有效性.无论在新鲜染毒还是老化的土壤中.蚯蚓均可提高土壤中芘的去除率和微生物降解率.在新鲜染毒的红壤和潮土中,蚯蚓可使芘的去除率由41.78%和27.02%分别提高到89.24%和57.53%,其中分别有51.48%和41.63%是蚯蚓促进的微生物降解作用引起的,37.76%和15.90%归因于蚯蚓富集作用.而在老化的红壤和潮土中,蚯蚓可使芘的去除率由36.53%和20.50%分别提高到91.93%和45.46%,其中分别有54.43%和32.83%是蚯蚓促进的微生物降解作用引起的,37.50%和12.63%归因于蚯蚓富集作用. 相似文献
77.
Hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs)—pyrene, and natural organic matters (NOM) from different sources were taken as the
test compounds to investigate the impact of physicochemical characteristics of NOM on HOCs’ partition to the NOM in this study.
The effects of solution property, NOM characteristics, and modification by ozone preoxidation on pyrene partition to NOM were
systematically evaluated. According to the fluorescence quenching method, the partition coefficient K
oc of pyrene to NOM was calculated, which was found to have a great relationship with the aromatic structures and hydrophobic
functional groups of the NOM. The NOM characteristic modification corresponding to solution property could influence the interactions
between the NOM and pyrene. Preozonation could destroy the aromatic or hydrophobic structures of the NOM and decrease K
oc of pyrene. 相似文献
78.
采用温室盆栽试验方法,研究了丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对菲、芘复合污染土壤中微生物数量和酶活性的影响.结果表明,接种AMF显著增加了三叶草根际和菌丝际土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,并对微生物区系有选择性.在供试菲、芘污染浓度范围内,低浓度菲、芘对土壤多酚氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性有激活作用;但当菲、芘浓度升高时,3种酶活性受到抑制.与无植物对照土壤相比,接种AMF后三叶草菌根际酸性磷酸酶活性降低了2.4%~23.1%,过氧化氢酶活性增加了12.6%~20.3%,除高浓度处理外多酚氧化酶活性均增加;菌丝际多酚氧化酶活性比菌根际低12.9%~62.9%,酸性磷酸酶活性比菌根际高3.3%~24.0%,过氧化氢酶活性则高于菌根际. 相似文献
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