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排序方式: 共有301条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
Wioletta Rogula-Koz?owsk Barbara Kozielsk Grzegorz Majewski Patrycja Rogula-Kopie Walter Much Karolina Kociszewska 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(2):235-244
The goal of the work was to investigate the concentrations of the 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) bound to submicrometer particles(particulate matter, PM_1) suspended in the air of university teaching rooms and in the atmospheric air outside. Two teaching rooms were selected in two Polish cities, Gliwice, southern Poland,and Warsaw, central Poland, differing with regard to the ambient concentrations and major sources of PM and PAH. The variabilities of indoor and outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM_1-bound PAH, the ratio(I/O) of the indoor to outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM_1-bound PAH, probable sources of PAH and the level of the hazard from the mixture of the 16 PAH(ΣPAH) to humans at both sites were analyzed. In both Warsaw and Gliwice, the mean concentrations of PM_1-bound ΣPAH were slightly higher in the atmospheric air than in the rooms. The indoor and outdoor concentrations of individual PAH in Gliwice were correlated,in Warsaw – they were not. Most probably, the lack of the correlations in Warsaw was due to the existence of an unidentified indoor source of gaseous PAH enriching PM_1 in phenanthrene, fluorene, and pyrene. Although the ambient concentrations of PM_1-bound PAH were low compared to the ones observed earlier at both sites, they were much higher than in other urbanized European areas. However, because of low mass share of heavy PAH in ΣPAH, the various indicators of the health hazard from the 16 PAH mixture were low compared to other regions. 相似文献
72.
F. Szurdoki L. Jaeger A. Harris H. Kido I. Wengatz M.H. Goodrow 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):451-458
Abstract Rapid, inexpensive, sensitive, and selective enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) now are utilized in environmental science. In this laboratory, many ELISAs have been developed for pesticides and other toxic substances and also for their metabolites. Compounds for which ELISAs have recently been devised include insecticides (organophosphates, carbaryl, pyrethroids, and fenoxycarb), herbicides (s‐triazines, arylureas, triclopyr, and bromacil), fungicides (myclobutanil), TCDD, and metabolites of naphthalene and toluene. New rapid assays have been developed for mercury. 相似文献
73.
《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5-6):805-818
Abstract The present study was under taken to demonstrate the effect of some commonly used insecticides on the activity of cytochrome P450 system including cytochrome b5, aryl hydrocarbon [benzo(a)pyrene] hydroxylase (AHH), N-nirosodimethylamine N-demethylase I [NDMA-dI] and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase as phase I of drug oxidation. In addition, the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and the level of glutathione (GSH) were determined in the liver of male mice after oral administration of sumithion, dursban, chlordane, methoxychlor, heptachlor epoxide, and lindane as single (24 h) or as repeated doses for six consecutive days. Oral administration of sumithion, dursban, chlordane, methoxychlore, and heptachlor epoxide as repeated doses decreased: (i) the hepatic content of cytochrome P450 by 36, 37, 47, 37, and 67%, respectively, (ii) AHH activity by 28, 29, 70, 31, and 79%, respectively, (iii) NDMA-dI activity by 43, 44, 32, 27, and 31, respectively. On the other hand, sumithion, chlordane, and methoxychlore induced the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase by 45, 62, and 43 respectively after repeated dose treatments. In addition, single and repeated-dose treatments of mice with lindane induced; (i) cytochrome P450 by 23 and 65%, respectively, (ii) cytochrome b5 by 49 and 131%, respectively, (iii) AHH activity by 64 and 50%, respectively. Repeated-dose treatments of mice with chlordane, methoxychlore, and heptachlor epoxide decreased the GSH level by 42, 38, and 68%, respectively and GST activity by 44, 44, and 55% respectively. Moreover, single- and repeated-dose treatments of mice with lindane decreased the GSH levels by 40 and 54%, respectively, and induced GST activity by 25 and 41%, respectively. Interestingly, single-dose treatments with chlordane, methoxychlore, and heptachlor epoxide decreased the activity of GR by 32, 38, and 31, respectively whereas repeated doses of these compounds induced such activity by 83, 50, and 64%, respectively. It is concluded that modifications in cytochrome P450 system by pesticides could potentiate the toxicity and carcinogenicity of environmental carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and N-nirosodimethylamine (NDMA). 相似文献
74.
基于均匀设计的类Fenton's体系去除污染土壤中蒽和芘的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分别以乳酸、L-酒石酸、柠檬酸为助剂,将其添加至类Fenton's体系中去除污染土壤中的蒽和芘等多环芳烃.结果发现,以柠檬酸为助剂时,多环芳烃的去除率为83.75%.同时,以均匀实验设计法考察了H2O2用量、Fe SO4用量、反应温度、反应时间、水土比、柠檬酸用量和多环芳烃染毒浓度对多环芳烃去除率的影响.实验数据和结果经DPS(Data Processing Station)软件处理后得到多环芳烃去除率与各反应因素之间的回归方程,经随机验证实验和计算结果对比表明,该回归方程的拟合误差低于5%,具有精确的预报性. 相似文献
75.
多环芳烃在黄河水体颗粒物上的表面吸附和分配作用特征 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
通过模拟实验研究了多环芳烃在黄河水体颗粒物上的吸附特征,重点探讨了表面吸附和分配作用对吸附的贡献,结果表明:①随着泥沙含量的增加,总吸附量在增加,而单位颗粒物的吸附量却在减少;且泥沙含量不同时,吸附等温式的拟合方程也不同;②颗粒物对多环芳烃的吸附等温线与吸附-分配复合模式拟合较好;表面吸附和分配作用对多环芳烃的吸附实验值与吸附-分配模式中的理论值比较吻合;③在实验浓度范围内,黄河颗粒物对多环芳烃的吸附以表面吸附为主,如当颗粒物含量为3、8和15g/L,液相平衡浓度分别为2.84、2.35和3.4μg/L时,表面吸附对总吸附的贡献分别为67.85%、65.6%和62.69%;且表面吸附对总吸附的贡献大小顺序可以用泥沙含量表示为:3g/L>8g/L>15g/L,即随着泥沙含量的增加,表面吸附的贡献有减小的趋势;④单一多环芳烃在颗粒物上的单位吸附量大于3种多环芳烃共存时的单位吸附量,这从另一角度证实多环芳烃在黄河水体颗粒物上的吸附以表面吸附为主. 相似文献
76.
Biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene in soil by Mucor sp. SF06 and Bacillus sp. SB02 co-immobilized on vermiculite 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene (BaP). The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP. 相似文献
77.
多环芳烃在全土及其碱提残余物上的吸附行为 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以菲和芘为代表性化合物,采用8种有机质含量不同的天然全土样品及其碱提残余物进行吸附实验,并利用不同吸附模型进行数据拟合,藉以探讨有机质含量对土壤吸附行为的影响.结果表明,Freundlich吸附模型的非线性指数n都小于1,显示全土和碱提残余物在多环芳烃的吸附过程中表现出非线性特征.菲和芘的吸附行为随土壤有机质含量不同而变化,碱提残余物的吸附能力强于全土,两者吸附行为的差异主要归因于土壤有机质含量和性状的区别. 相似文献
78.
苯并(a)芘及其代谢产物的连续降解研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在以驯化过的芽孢杆菌(BA-07)降解BaP的过程中,鉴定出2个BaP的未开环代谢产物顺式-4,5-二氢-4,5-二醇-BaP(cis-BP4,5-dihydrodiol)和顺式-7,8-二氢-7,8-二醇-BaP(cis-BP7,8-dihydrodiol).由于该产物对微生物有一定毒性,所以难于进一步降解.为提高BaP降解的同时,降低cis-BP4,5-dihydrodiol和cis-BP7,8-dihydrodiol的累积,对2种降解方法(即单纯用BA07降解和运用高锰酸钾与BA-07耦合的方法降解)进行了比较,并且优化了连续降解的参数.结果表明,①对BaP及其代谢产物的连续降解,化学氧化与微生物耦合(高锰酸钾与BA-07)的降解效果明显好于单纯利用微生物(细菌BA-07)的降解;②在同一时间取样,cis-BP4,5-dihydrodiol的残留率均高于cis-BP7,8-dihydrodiol;③当BaP的浓度为40μg/mL,培养基的最佳pH为7.0,以琥珀酸钠为共代谢底物,可以显著提高BaP降解率,降低cis-BP 4,5-dihydrodiol和cis-BP7,8-dihydrodiol的累积.同时提出了化学氧化与微生物协同的方法可以有效促进环境中持久有机污染物的连续降解. 相似文献
79.
家长吸烟对儿童尿中1-羟基芘的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了解家长吸烟对小学生尿中1-羟基芘的影响,对4个地区小学生234份尿样中的1-羟基芘及其学校所在地空气中的苯并芘进行了同步采样分析,结果显示,学生尿中的1-羟基芘浓度与所在学校空气中苯并(a)芘的浓度有显著的正相关关系。家长吸烟组学生尿中1-羟基芘浓度均高于家长不吸烟组,但t检验结果差别不显著,根据测定结果的分析,讨论了这种差别的意义。 相似文献
80.