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排序方式: 共有112条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy with regional integration analysis for assessment of compost maturity 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Composting of animal manures is believed as an alternative way for directly recycling them in farms, and therefore assessment of compost maturity is crucial for achieving high quality compost. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) combined with regional integration analysis is presented to assess compost maturity. The results showed that the EEM contours of water-extract organic matter (WEOM) from immature composts exhibited four peaks at excitation/emission (Ex/Em) of 220/340 nm, 280/340 nm, 220/410 nm, and 330/410 nm, whereas EEM contour of WEOM from mature composts had only two peaks at Ex/Em of 230/420 nm and 330/420 nm. Pearson correlation demonstrated that peaks intensity rather than their ratios had a significantly correlation with the common indices assessing compost maturity, whereas the normalized excitation-emission area volumes (Φi,ns) from regional integration analysis had a stronger correlation with the common indices assessing compost maturity than peaks intensity. It is concluded that the Φi,ns from regional integration analysis are more suitable to assess the maturity of compost than the intensities of peaks. Therefore, the fluorescence spectroscopy combined with regional integration analysis can be used as a valuable industrial and research tool for assessing compost maturity, given its high sensitivity and selectivity. 相似文献
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在研究和分析沙尘灾害遥感监测原理的基础上,针对沙尘灾害遥感监测工作的需要,给出了2种沙尘信息提取方法(分层提取法和热红外窗区法)和3种沙尘灾害强度监测方法(密度分割法、变化矢量分析法和可比沙尘强度指数法),并对各种方法的应用效果分别进行了分析、验证和比较。结果表明:(1)沙尘信息提取方法中,热红外窗区法较分层提取法物理意义明显,稳定性低较高,步骤简单,更适合于业务化实现。(2)沙尘强度监测方法中,密度分割法相对简单,能定性描述沙尘灾害强弱分布;变化矢量分析法虽是一种较好的监测方法,但对数据要求苛刻;可比沙尘强度指数法可用于多源遥感数据动态监测应用,是较为理想的沙尘强度监测方法。(3)综合利用遥感和地面监测数据是沙尘灾害强度监测亟待解决的重点和难点之一;同时,解决多种卫星数据监测结果的一致性和可比性,是实现卫星协同使用、提高沙尘灾害监测时间分辩率的必经途径。 相似文献
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福寿螺是我国华南地区一种危害十分严重的外来入侵生物。采用分布广泛的四种植物:水蜈蚣(Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.)、红花酢浆草(Oxalis corymbosa DC)、红叶乌桕(Euphorbia cotinifolia L.)和辣蓼草(Polygonum flaccidum Meissn.)作为原料,在实验室内通过人工研磨方法提取植物体内的有效成分作为药剂,分别对福寿螺幼螺进行室内毒杀及刺激其上爬的效果研究。结果表明:水蜈蚣提取物的杀螺效果不明显,而红花酢浆草、红叶乌桕、辣蓼草等三种植物提取物具有较好的杀螺效果。72h的毒性实验表明,这三种植物提取物在质量浓度为400mg·L-1时,均能全部杀死福寿螺幼螺;其中,红花酢浆草的杀螺效果最强,质量浓度为100mg·L-1时的杀螺率就达到80%,200mg·L-1的质量浓度下已能全部杀死福寿螺,红叶乌桕在200mg·L-1质量浓度时的杀螺率为56.67%,而在此质量浓度下辣蓼草仅为26.67%。另外,提取物刺激福寿螺上爬实验结果表明,红花酢浆草和红叶乌桕均有刺激福寿螺向上爬的作用,且红花酢浆草刺激作用稍强于红叶乌桕。综合杀螺和刺激福寿螺上爬作用的效果,可以得出在控制福寿螺上红花酢浆草和红叶乌桕是比较理想的备选植物。 相似文献
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白洋淀荷茎叶提取液对铜绿微囊藻及四尾栅藻化感效应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究探讨了活体荷不同部位(茎和叶)提取出液对铜绿微囊藻、四尾栅藻生长化感效应,为推广荷遏制水华暴发及制作抑藻制剂提供理论基础.实验设计了5个浓度梯度,结果表明,荷叶浸出液对藻类的抑制效果优于荷茎浸出液,当荷叶浸出质量浓度为25 g.L-1时,对铜绿微囊藻及四尾栅藻的抑制率分别为71.33%、78.14%.浸出液成分的GC-MS分析表明,荷叶和茎浸出液都含有丙酰胺,质量浓度分别为1.1 mg.L-1、0.2 mg.L-1.并根据概率计算法,分别计算了两种藻类的半浓度效应. 相似文献
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Palaniselvam Kuppusamy Solachuddin J.A. Ichwan Narasimha Reddy Parine Mashitah M. Yusoff Gaanty Pragas Maniam Natanamurugaraj Govindan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
In this present study, we reported broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) as a potential candidate for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) in green chemistry method. The synthesized metal nanoparticles are evaluated their antimicrobial efficacy against different human pathogenic organisms. The physico-chemical properties of gold nanoparticles were analyzed using different analytical techniques such as a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer. In addition, gold and silver NP antimicrobial efficacy was checked by disc diffusion assay. UV-Vis color intensity of the nanoparticles was shown at 540 and 450 nm for gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. Higher magnification of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy image shows the variable morphology of the gold nanoparticles such as spherical, rod and triangular shapes and silver nanoparticles were seen in spherical shapes. The average spherical size of the particles was observed in 24- 38 nm for gold and 30-45 nm for silver NPs. X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the presence of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles which were crystalline in nature. Additionally, the functionalmetabolites were identified by the Fourier TransformInfrared spectroscopy. IR spectra revealed phenols, alcohols, aldehydes (sugar moieties), vitamins and proteins are present in the broccoli extract which are accountable to synthesize the nanoparticles. The synthesized gold and silver NPs inhibited the growth of the tested bacterial and fungal pathogens at the concentration of 50 μg/mL respectively. In addition, broccoli mediated gold and silver nanoparticles have shown potent antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. © 2015 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献