Bacterial community composition and abundance in leachate of semi-aerobic and anaerobic landfills

Different municipal solid waste landfill methods and landfill ages had crucial impacts on bacterial abundance and composition in leachate.     

Analysis of bacterial community in bulking sludge using culture-dependent and -independent approaches

Combination of 16S rRNA gene clone library and cultivation for assessing of bacterial diversity of the microflora in bulking sludge was evaluated in the study.     

新型生态浮岛在改善水质中的作用及生物膜载体微生物特征研究

设计了一种新型生态浮岛(IEFI),并对浮岛生物膜载体上的微生物进行了研究.结果表明,生物膜载体上的微生物对改善水质起到重要的作用,新型生态浮岛对COD、TN、TP的去除效果明显高于普通浮岛(CFI)(P<0.05).COD、TN、TP的最高去除率分别出现在9月、5月和11月.构建了生物膜载体上微生物的克隆文库,结果表...     

一株产紫色素放线菌的鉴定及其色素特性研究

从河南碱性土壤样品中筛选到一株命名为LK-178的放线菌菌株,在高氏合成培养基上其气生菌丝灰白,产可溶性紫色素.镜检观察孢子链长直、孢子圆柱形,通过形态、生理生化特征初步确定为链霉菌.16S rRNA序列分析显示,该菌基因序列与比基尼链霉菌(Streptomyces bikiniensis)AB208713基因序列有99.0%的最高相似性.用Neighbor-joining(NJ)等构建系统发育树,并用Bootstraping法对其评价,将菌株LK-178归属于比基尼链霉菌(S.bikiniensis).抑菌试验表明,该菌具有抗革兰氏阳性.革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌活性.用紫外可见分光光度计和化学分析确定该色素性质稳定,产量较高.总色价相对单位较高.达到147 U/mL,产昔达到13.4 g/L.图3表3参18     

鄱阳湖水体细菌群落组成及遗传多样性

利用建立细菌16S rRNA基因文库和限制性内切酶长度多态性(RFLP)分析的方法,对鄱阳湖南、北湖区水体的细菌多样性进行了研究. 结果表明,鄱阳湖水体细菌多样性较高,且南湖区2007年水体的细菌多样性明显高于其2006年水体和北湖区水体. 主要细菌组成分析表明,鄱阳湖水体中的349个阳性克隆代表的167种基因型分别属于十大细菌类群,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在4个克隆文库中占据了47%～81%,数量极其丰富,尤其是亚型的β-变形菌为优势菌群; 拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)也广泛分布,且有2.9%～17.1%的克隆数属于未分类细菌. 研究结果进一步提示鄱阳湖水体有一定程度的富营养化.      

Long-term Hg pollution induced Hg tolerance in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea)

The aim of our work was to assess the pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) of isopod gut microbiota and pollution-induced isopod population tolerance (PIPT). Animals collected from a chronically Hg polluted and an unpolluted location were exposed for 14 days to 10microg Hg/g dry food under laboratory conditions. The lysosomal membrane stability, hepatopancreas epithelium thickness, feeding activity and animal bacterial gut microbiota composition were determined. The results confirm the hypothesis that the response to short-term Hg exposure differs for animals from the Hg polluted and the unpolluted field locations. The animals and their gut microbiota from the Hg polluted location were less affected by Hg in a short-term feeding experiment than those from the unpolluted environment. We discuss the pollution-induced population tolerance of isopods and their gut microbiota as a measure of effects of long-term environmental pollution. The ecological consequences of such phenomena are also discussed.     

Mini Review: Probes for Detecting Prymnesium parvum and Preliminary Results From Gene Expression Studies1

Medlin, Linda K., Sonja Diercks, and Sara Beszteri, 2010. Mini Review: Probes for Detecting Prymnesium parvum and Preliminary Results From Gene Expression Studies. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(1):144-152. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00398.x Abstract: Prymnesium parvum is common in brackish and marine coastal waters within temperate zones, world-wide. P. parvum forms recurrent blooms causing fish kills in many parts of the world. Harmful blooms are formed in nutrient rich, low salinity lakes, ponds, river systems, or estuaries. Probes made to this species and to the genus Prymnesium have been tested in dot blot and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and used with a solid-phase cytometer using a tyramide signal amplification (TSA) enhanced FISH hybridization to provide a means to identify the cells before blooms develop with automated counting. Field counts from light microscopy have been compared with solid-phase cytometer counts. Additional detection systems, such as biosensors and microarrays, have also been developed to identify rapidly this species without resorting to electron microscopy. Advantages and disadvantages of each detection system are discussed. A study of the genes expressed by P. parvum under environmental conditions that can induce blooms or stress was undertaken to try to understand the ecology behind toxic blooms.     

Simultaneous biodegradation of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds in a sequencing batch bioreactor

Many nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds (NACs), such as nitrobenzene (NB), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), aniline (AN), and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), are environmentally hazardous, and their removal from contaminated water is one of the main challenges facing wastewater treatment plants. In this study, synthetic wastewater containing NB, 4-NP, 2,4-DNP, and AN at concentrations ranging from 50 to 180 mg/L was fed into a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Analyses of the SBR system indicated that it simultaneously removed more than 99% of the NACs at loading rates of 0.36 kg NB/(m3·d), 0.3 kg 4-NP/(m3·d), 0.25 kg AN/(m3·d), and 0.1 kg 2,4-DNP/(m3·d). Bacterial groups of Bacteriodetes, Candidate division TM7, α-Proteobacteria, and β-Proteobacteria were dominant in the clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes retrieved from the microbial communities in the SBR system. "Cycle tests" designed to alter feeding and aeration parameters of the SBR system demonstrated that the resident microbial biome of the SBR system responded rapidly to changing conditions. Consumption of O2 was concomitant with the apparent mineralization of NACs. Aromatic ring-cleaving dioxygenase activities suggested that (1) AN and NB were degraded via catechol 2,3-dioxygenase; (2) 4-NP was degraded via 1,2,4-benzentriol 1,2-dioxygenase; and (3) 2,4-DNP was degraded via an unresolved pathway.     

Alga-lysing bioreactor and the dominant bacteria strain

Alga-lysing bacteria have been paid much attention to in recent years. In this study, the alga-lysing strain P05 which was isolated from an immobilizing biosystem was immobilized by coke and elastic filler, forming two biological reactors. The removal efficiencies of algae, NH3-N and organic matter using the two reactors were studied. The results showed that strain P05 was an ideal algal-lysing bacteria strain because it was easy to be immobilized by coke and elastic filler which are of cheap, low biodegradability and the simple immobilization procedure. After 7 d filming, the biological film could be formed and the reactors were used to treat the eutrophic water. These two reactors were of stability and high effect with low cost and easy operation. The optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of each reactor was 4 h. The algae removal rates were 80.38% and 82.1% (in term of Chl-a) of coke reactor and filler reactor, respectively. And that of NH3-N were 52.3% and 52.7%. The removal rates of CODMn were 39.03% and 39.64%. The strain P05 was identified as Bacillus sp. by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, BLAST analysis, and comparison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database.     

再生水补水对河道底泥细菌群落组成与功能的影响

以北京市永定河麻峪湿地再生水补水河段河道底泥细菌群落为研究对象,联合限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术,16S rRNA基因克隆文库技术和实时荧光定量q PCR技术,分析再生水补水口上游、补水口及补水口下游这3个断面的细菌群落组成与功能特征差异,尝试解释再生水补水对河道底泥细菌群落组成和功能特征的影响.结果表明,再生水中高浓度的碳氮磷含量是导致补水口细菌群落多样性显著升高和群落组成最为丰富的直接原因,人工湿地对碳氮磷浓度有较高的去除效率,净化后底泥细菌群落逐步恢复,表现出上下游相似的细菌群落多样性和结构组成;补水口处细菌群落的优势类群是变形菌门中β-Proteobacteria和δ-Proteobacteria,亚优势类群是Planctomycetes和Actinobacteria,而ε-Proteobacteria、Chloroflexi、Spirochaetes是补水口处的独有类群;氮碳磷循环是再生水补水河道底泥主要的生物地化循环过程,克隆文库中补水口以毛单胞菌属(Comamonas sp.)为优势类群的45.9%的克隆子与氮循环相关,其相对丰度高于上下游(27.7%和23.4%),以溶杆菌属(Lysobacter sp.)为优势类群的17.9%的克隆子与碳循环密切相关,其相对丰度高于上下游(14.4%和12.9%);再生水中携带的痕量病原菌和抗生素等,在一定程度上改变了河道底泥细菌群落碳氮循环的转换方式,表现为补水口处固氮作用主要是红环菌属(Rhodocyclus sp.)通过光合作用实现,上下游以对植物具有促生作用的伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia sp.)为代表进行共生固氮.该研究结果为再生水补水河道人工湿地修复研究提供理论依据.