四川省地表面热量平衡各分量的计算和时空分布特征

研究太阳辐射、地表面辐射平衡与热量平衡对深入研究气候形成、地表能量转换、生态系统结构特性以及资源开发保护与国土整治等均具有重要意义。本文根据四川省内近200个台站30年整编的气候资料,并结合自然地理景观选用多种计算公式进行对比,然后采用统一的方法对全省热量平衡各分量逐月进行了计算和分析其时空分布特征。     

鞍山市区电磁辐射污染状况调查与分析

鞍山市作为一个大型工业城市,其电磁辐射设施种类数量较多,长期以来,人们对电磁辐射污染缺乏了解,鞍山市区电磁辐射监测数据资料匮乏。从保护市民身体健康角度,开展鞍山市电磁辐射污染研究,深入了解鞍山市区电磁辐射污染现状,通过研究提出相应的保护建议,避免伤害的发生。     

微生物促进剂在处理采油污水中的应用

微生物促进剂(VB591和BiNutrix-ww)可不断释放营养素,以保证微生物的健康生长,有助于加快微生物矿物化过程,促进有机污染物分解,达到水体净化的目的。在采集的油田废水中分别投加这两种微生物促进剂,与参照对比水样按相同条件进行了曝气处理。试验结果表明,微生物促进剂能使废水中COD和石油类的去除率大大提高,处理时间也大大缩短。     

浅谈电磁辐射对人体的危害与防护

电磁辐射对人体的危害作用表现为热作用、非热作用、刺激作用及累积作用。对电磁波辐射进行控制采取的技术对策主要包括两个方面：一是通过优化电路设计、配线分离，包括含接地线的线路板设计；二是采用各种防护材料。最后，对电磁辐射的个人防护提出几项建议。     

UV-B增加对麦田杂草看麦娘的影响

在大田群体条件下，研究了UV-B增加对麦田杂草发生、生长和种子产量的影响。结果表明：UV-B强度增加，看麦娘的密度显著增加；在小麦生育前期，看麦娘的单株茎蘖数下降，而在中后期显著增加；UV-B增加对小麦中后期看麦娘的生长有一定的促进效应；看麦娘叶片的叶绿素和类黄酮含量均表现为增加的趋势。在未来紫外线增加的条件下，看麦娘对小麦生产的影响可能会不断增加。     

An approach to deal with uncertainty in energy and environmental planning: the MARKAL case

This paper presents a new concept to include uncertainty management in energy and environmental planning models developed in algebraic modeling languages. SETSTOCH is a tool for linking algebraic modeling languages with specialized stochastic programming solvers. Its main role is to retrieve from the modeling language a dynamically ordered core model (baseline scenario) that is sent automatically to the stochastic solver. The case presented herein concerns such a study realized with the IEAMARKAL model used by many research teams around the world.     

Guidelines for Riparian Vegetative Shade Restoration Based Upon a Theoretical Shaded‐Stream Model1

Abstract: Guidelines for riparian vegetative shade restoration were developed using a theoretical model of total daily radiation received by a shaded stream. The model assumed stream shading by nontransmitting, vertical or overhanging, solid vegetation planes in infinitely long reaches. Radiation components considered in the model were direct beam shortwave on the stream centerline, diffuse atmospheric shortwave, shortwave reflected by vegetation, atmospheric longwave, and longwave emitted by vegetation. Potential or extraterrestrial shortwave irradiation theory was used to compute beam shortwave radiation received at the stream centerline, and view factor theory was used to compute diffuse radiation exchange among stream, vegetation, and atmospheric planes. Model shade effects under clear skies were dominated by reductions in receipt of direct beam shortwave radiation. Model shade effects with cloudy skies were dominated by the “view factor effect” or the decreases in diffuse shortwave and longwave radiation from the atmosphere balanced against increases in longwave radiation from vegetation. Model shade effects on shortwave radiation reflected by vegetation were found to be negligible. The model was used to determine the vegetation height (H) to stream width (W) ratios needed to achieve 50, 75, and 90 % shade restoration for mid‐latitude conditions on clear and cloudy days. Ratios of vegetation height to stream width, for dense nontransmitting vegetation, generally ranged from 1.4 to 2.3 for 75% shade restoration at a mid‐latitude site (40°N). The model was used to show H/W needed for E‐W vs. N‐S stream azimuths, varying stream latitudes between 30° and 50°N, channels with overhanging vegetation, channels undergoing width changes, as well as the limits to shade restoration on very wide channels.     

大型原油储罐泄漏隔堤池火灾后果研究

为了研究储罐大孔泄漏后可能产生的隔堤局部面状液池火灾,以10万立方大型原油储罐为例,采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT和火灾模拟软件FDS计算储罐在真实泄漏场景下的液池区域,模拟发生隔堤池火的分布特征及对临罐热辐射影响.研究结果表明:储罐原油泄漏后将在隔堤内形成相对稳定面积的液池,在储罐不同方位处泄漏形成的液池面积与储罐...     

综合管廊兼顾疏散能力分析及辐射范围研究*

为研究综合管廊在安全疏散中的作用,应用Pathfinder疏散仿真软件对综合管廊疏散能力模拟分析,得出不同断面管廊通道、各疏散口部、楼梯处通过能力,分析管廊人员在单车、步行疏散速度下覆盖范围与事故波及范围,通过两者交集得到综合管廊疏散辐射范围。结果表明:综合管廊具备一定兼顾疏散能力,得出的通过能力可指导综合管廊人流量监控器布局,提供各部位人流量上限取值,预防拥堵和踩踏事故发生,为化工园区制定疏散方案提供新思路。     

大气压降膜DBD等离子体去除废水中四环素

水体中抗生素类药物污染主要来源于人体和动物的大量使用,为改善水环境,降低和去除水中抗生素类药物,设计了可进行较大体积水中四环素的有效去除大气压降膜介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge)装置,研究了等离子体对四环素模拟液的降解特性,并分析了其降解机理。结果表明,当初始浓度为100 mg·L⁻¹,等离子体处理四环素溶液10 min,去除率为90%,化学需氧量去除率为45%,能量效率达到3.16 g·(kWh)⁻¹。较高的能量效率源自放电产生大量的活性物种(高能电子、离子、自由基等)。采用紫外可见分光光度法和液相色谱-质谱等检测方法对水样进行了分析,当等离子体放电处理2 min后,四环素溶液中开始生成新的物质,随着放电时间的延长,新物质种类和产量也随之逐渐增加,直至水中四环素接近完全降解。研究结果为实现大面积、工业级的有机抗生素废水的处理,保护水生生态环境提供了参考。