腐殖酸及酸雨对贫铀在土壤中迁移的影响研究

 利用经过完善的贫铀迁移模型,研究腐殖酸(HA)及酸雨对贫铀在土壤中迁移的影响.结果表明,对照组(北京地区土壤)DU迁移到达9~11cm,分别添加2%、5%、10%HA的实验组DU迁移依次降低,分别为21~23cm、15~17cm、11~13cm,说明腐殖酸促进了DU迁移; pH值为4.0和3.0的模拟酸雨,分别使贫铀迁移至29~31cm及35cm以上,说明酸雨促进了贫铀迁移;在酸雨和腐殖酸综合作用下贫铀迁移仅到5~7cm,说明腐殖酸和酸雨综合作用抑制了贫铀迁移.     

模拟雨水对工业烧渣中重金属浸出特性的研究

采用《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法—水平振荡法》(HJ557-2010)对工业固体烧渣中重金属进行浸出试验研究,并利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别测定了其浸出液中的铅、铬、锌、镉、铜、铁和镍等7种重金属,用可见分光光度法测定砷,考察了模拟酸雨的pH值、液固比和浸取时间等因素对烧渣中重金属的浸出试验的影响,实验结果表明烧渣中各重金属的浸出值均未超出国家标准《危险废物鉴别标准—浸出毒性鉴别》(GB5085.3-2007)中的允许值,可直接作为建筑材料或路基材料使用。     

宁波市区近十年酸雨污染趋势分析

采用2001-2010年宁波市区降水监测数据,对宁波市区的酸雨污染现状及2001年以来的变化趋势分析,结果表明:酸雨频率居高不下,且降水酸度并未减弱,宁波市区酸雨的污染类型处于硫酸型向硫酸与硝酸混合型转变的过渡期。并根据宁波市区实际情况提出相应防治对策。     

丹东市降水pH值及酸雨分析

分析2013年大气降水pH值及近10年历史演变的方法分析丹东市酸雨污染现状、特征,并从污染源和气候条件解释酸雨形成的原因,确定酸雨的形成受外来空气污染物影响较大,而酸雨强度的大小具有本地环境条件和环境污染特征。     

1992~2012年福州市和厦门市酸雨变化特征及影响因素

利用1992~2012年福州市和厦门市的酸雨观测资料、天气形势和大气污染物浓度资料,分析酸雨变化特征及酸雨可能的影响因素.结果表明,福州市非酸雨和酸雨频率分别为38.1%和61.9%,厦门市分别为40.6%和59.4%;福州市年均降水pH值在4.1~5.5之间,2007年之后酸雨污染减轻,厦门市2006年之后酸雨污染减轻;冬、春季节酸雨污染重,夏、秋季节酸雨污染轻.降水强度能改变降水的酸性程度;福州市在东南(SE)、西南(SW)、西(W)、西北(NW)风向下酸雨污染较严重,厦门市在东北(NE)、SW、W、NW风向下酸雨污染较重;变性冷高压下酸雨污染最重,台风(热带辐合带)及其外围的天气形势下酸雨污染最轻;福州市大气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10浓度与降水pH值呈负相关关系.     

南京企业雨排和清下水排口排放现状及对策研究

对南京典型工业企业雨排及清下水排口水质排放情况进行监测分析,摸清排放现状,分析成因.并提出对策和建议,要求环境管理部门加强对工业企业雨污分流的监管,各地方可以根据实际情况制定相应的地方标准.以南京为例,加大对工业企业雨排和清下水排口的监测管理力度,把工业企业雨排和清下水排口纳入正常的监测计划,对出现超标以及雨排或清下水排口排放量超过40吨/天的工业企业应安装污染源在线监控系统.最终倒逼企业加强环境管理,减少对外环境的影响.     

火电厂烟气排放对广州大气环境的影响

广州市是酸雨、可吸入颗粒物污染严重的地区之一,这与其能源结构以煤为主有关.广州发电厂以燃煤为主,其周围大气采样数据分析显示燃煤电厂可对周围大气环境造成较大影响,是酸雨前体物、可吸入颗粒物的主要排放源.酸雨破坏了生态环境,也阻碍了经济的发展;燃煤排放的烟尘细颗粒物属于可吸入颗粒物,其上附着的As、Cr等微量元素多为致癌物质和致基因毒性诱变物质,对周围居民的健康危害极大.最后, 对当前的环境保护工作及存在的问题进行了阐述.     

Acid Rain in Downtown São Paulo City, Brazil

During the period from July 2002 to June 2004, the chemical characteristics of the rainwater samples collected in downtown São Paulo were investigated. The analysis of 224 wet-only precipitation samples included pH and electrical conductivity, as well as major ions (Na⁺, $ \rm NH^{ + }_{4} During the period from July 2002 to June 2004, the chemical characteristics of the rainwater samples collected in downtown S?o Paulo were investigated. The analysis of 224 wet-only precipitation samples included pH and electrical conductivity, as well as major ions (Na⁺, , K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, , ) and carboxylic acids (acetic, formic and oxalic) using ion chromatography. The volume weighted mean, VWM, of the anions , and Cl⁻ was, respectively, 20.3, 12.1 and 10.7 μmol l⁻¹. Rainwater in S?o Paulo was acidic, with 55% of the samples exhibiting a pH below 5.6. The VWM of the free H⁺ was 6.27 μmol l⁻¹), corresponding to a pH of 5.20. Ammonia (NH₃), determined as (VWM = 32.8 μmol l⁻¹), was the main acidity neutralizing agent. Considering that the H⁺ ion is the only counter ion produced from the non-sea-salt fraction of the dissociated anions, the contribution of each anion to the free acidity potential has the following profile: (31.1%), (26.0%), CH₃COO⁻ (22.0%), Cl⁻ (13.7%), HCOO⁻ (5.4%) and (1.8%). The precipitation chemistry showed seasonal differences, with higher concentrations of ammonium and calcium during autumn and winter (dry period). The marine contribution was not significant, while the direct vehicular emission showed to be relevant in the ionic composition of precipitation.     

The Influence of a Coal-Fired Power Plant in Turkey on the Chemical Composition of Rain Water in a Certain Region

In this study, the chemical composition of the rainwater in Yatağan, which is a region surrounding a coal power plant was investigated from February to April 2002. Rainwater samples were obtained from Yatağan, located northwest of Muğla City in Turkey. pH values and concentrations of major ions (Ca²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, , , ) in the rainwater samples were analyzed. The pH varied from 5.1 to 7.9 with an average of 6.7 which was in alkaline range considering 5.6 as the neutral pH of cloud water in equilibrium with atmospheric CO₂. In the total of 30 rain events, only three events were observed with water in the acidic range (<5.6), which occurred after continuous rains. The equivalent concentration of components followed the order: Ca²⁺ > > Na⁺ > > > K⁺ > H⁺. The anion and cation concentrations in the rainwater samples showed a high sulphate concentration (131 μEq/l), as well as high sodium (40 μEq/l) and calcium (298 μEq/l) concentrations. These values indicate that one probable source of the high sodium concentration is fly ash, after the coal burning process and the power plant can be effective on level concentrations in rainwater. In addition, the dust-rich local and surrounding limestone environment might have caused the high concentration of Ca²⁺ in rainwater of the Yatağan Basin. Due to a large contribution of these cations to the sulphate neutralization action, the rainwater of this region displays only a moderate acidity, which does not cause significant environmental impact.     

湖北农村降水中SO_4~(2-)浓度变化研究

在湖北农村 10个地点 ,利用澳大利亚集雨器自 1996年 1月至 1998年 6月 ,按季度采集大气降水样品测定SO2 - 4浓度 ,并对数据进行统计分析。研究结果表明 ,各地 1997年降水中SO2 - 4浓度年均值比 1996年显著升高 ;大多数地点 1996、1997、1998年 1季度和 2季度降水中SO2 - 4浓度呈逐年升高趋势 ;大多数地点每年 1、4季度降水中SO2 - 4浓度高 ,2、3季度降水中SO2 - 4浓度低 ,说明湖北农村降水中的硫对秋冬作物影响比对春夏作物影响大 ;湖北农村降水中SO2 - 4浓度近两年不仅有时间变化规律 ,而且同一季度内的地区差异也很明显 ,在 1996年和 1997年 8个季度 10个点的降水SO2 - 4浓度最大值中 ,有 4个最大值出现在襄樊 ,它是目前湖北继宜昌市区、恩施市区之后又一个酸雨发展较快的地区