酸雨和降尘对菜青虫生长和取食行为的影响

通过室内模拟试验探讨了酸雨、降尖及其复合污染对菜青虫生长发育和取食行为的影响。结果表明，直接处理对菜青虫有明显的抑制作用，而间接处理则有促进作用。试验发现，在受污染的植物体内有糖分与蛋白质积累现象，这是造成虫害加重的主要原因之一。     

模拟酸雨及A1^3＋共同作用对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤

以蚕豆为材料，研究了模拟酸雨及酸雨与铝共同作用的细胞遗传学效应．结果表明，根尖细胞有丝分裂指数随Al^3＋浓度的升高和环境酸度的增强而下降；处理组细胞中出现了多种染色体异常，如染色体粘连、滞后及断裂等．模拟酸雨及其与低浓度Al^3＋（3mg／L）共同作用时可诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核，其中pH4．5组微核率高于pH3．5组．模拟酸雨与高浓度的Al^3＋（10～180mg／L）复合处理可引起根尖细胞固缩，固缩率随Al^3＋浓度增加和pH降低而增高．研究结果表明，pH4．5和pH3．5的模拟酸雨和Al^3＋对蚕豆根尖细胞具有遗传损伤作用，其效应与Al^3＋浓度和环境酸度有关．     

模拟酸雨对珍稀濒危植物红豆杉幼苗的影响研究

利用模拟酸雨实验对珍稀濒危植物曼地亚红豆杉和南方红豆杉生长及生理生化指标进行研究。结果表明,pH4.5的模拟酸雨促进了曼地亚红豆杉(Taxus media)和南方红豆杉(T.mairei)的株高生长(与对照相比分别促进了19%和72%),pH3.5的模拟酸雨对其有一定的影响,但不显著。pH4.5和pH3.5的酸雨处理下,曼地亚红豆杉基径比对照分别下降了46%和42%;南方红豆杉的相应值分别是34%和43%。总的来说,模拟酸雨促进了这两种红豆杉叶绿素的质量分数,类胡萝卜素的质量分数变化因种而异。酸雨处理提高了曼地亚红豆杉抗氧化系统酶活性,与对照相比约提高了5%～142%;南方红豆杉的相应值为-16%～35%。曼地亚红豆杉游离脯铵酸和丙二醛(MDA)的质量分数比对照提高了13%～73%;而南方红豆杉的相应质量分数基本等于或低于对照。与南方红豆杉相比,曼地亚红豆杉对酸雨更加敏感。     

模拟酸雨及Al3+共同作用对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤

以蚕豆为材料,研究了模拟酸雨及酸雨与铝共同作用的细胞遗传学效应.结果表明,根尖细胞有丝分裂指数随Al3 浓度的升高和环境酸度的增强而下降;处理组细胞中出现了多种染色体异常,如染色体粘连、滞后及断裂等.模拟酸雨及其与低浓度Al3 (3mg/L)共同作用时可诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核,其中pH4.5组微核率高于pH3.5组.模拟酸雨与高浓度的Al3 (10～180mg/L)复合处理可引起根尖细胞固缩,固缩率随Al3 浓度增加和pH降低而增高.研究结果表明,pH4.5和pH3.5的模拟酸雨和Al3 对蚕豆根尖细胞具有遗传损伤作用,其效应与Al3 浓度和环境酸度有关.     

Simulation investigations on the marble deterioration by sulphur dioxide

This paper deals with investigations on corrosion of marble SO2. We have simulated oxidation of SO2 by photochemical process in the atmosphere. The experiments indicate that formation of SO3 aerosols is related to the concentration of SO2, the UV light intensity, the time of irradiation and the humidity of the air. The corrosion feature of surfaces of the marble and the depth profiles of sulphur were obtained by SEM (Scanning electron microscope), EDXA (Energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer) and SIMS (Secondary ion mass spectrometer). The results of experiments show the corrosive extent of marble depends on its compositions and microareas of marble, which contain lower silicon content can be easily corroded by SO2.     

珠江三角洲酸雨及其造成的农作物损失的研究

探讨了珠江三角洲酸雨高发的原因，并估算了珠江三角洲因酸雨和ＳＯ２污染而造成的农作物的经济损失。     

桂林酸雨中不可溶成份的电镜分析

对广西省桂林市１９８８－０３－１６－１９８８－０３－２９出现的四次系统酸性降水，进行了降水的连续联样和过滤，用电子显微镜观测降水中的不可溶成分，共得到了１２种元素，即Ａｒ，Ｍｇ，Ａｌ，Ｓｉ，Ｐ，Ｓ，Ｃｌ，Ｋ，Ｃａ，Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ和Ｃｒ。用平均值法和聚类法，分析了桂林酸雨中１２种不可溶元素的重量谱特征，以及它们与降水系统之间的关系。     

Variation in spatial pattern of criteria air pollutants before and during initial rain of monsoon

Spatial patterns of various criteria air pollutants,like SO₂, NO₂, O₃, and TSP were studied atShahdara National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stationin Delhi (India) in July 1999. The minimum pollutantconcentrations were observed during morning hours,whereas the highest concentrations were found during thelate night hours, which seem to be related with thevehicular emission. Pre-monsoon daily ambient airquality spatial pattern was compared with the spatialpattern during initial and subsequent rain shower ofmonsoon. These spatial patterns were found to beessentially the same before and during rain, however asignificant decrease in SO₂, NO₂ and TSPconcentrations (40-45%) was observed after initial andsubsequent rains of the monsoon, demonstrating theimportance of rainfall in the scavenging of thesecriteria air pollutants.     

Assessment of Wet Sulfate Concentration Changes at CAPMoN Sites, Canada

This paper describes a statistical analysis of wet sulfate deposition data sampled by the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN) since 1988 till 1997. The goal of the investigation is to detect presence of prevailing significant changes in the probability distribution of annual samples collected by the network at each site. The considerations are based on a first order autoregression model with second order polynomial trend and methods used for analysis of variance and multiple comparison. Unlike studies suggesting existence of long term trends in the data, methods applied here indicate absence of any systematic changes in the observed annual concentration patterns at most of the sites.     

Precipitation and aerosol studies in India

In India, rain water and atmospheric aerosols are observed to bealkaline in nature due to the influence of soil-derivedparticles which are rich in components like Ca and Mg. Thesecomponents increase the neutralization potential of rain waterand have a greater influence at rural site compared to urbansite. However, if there are continuous rains, the concentrationof crustal components becomes lower resulting in lower pH ofrain water. Unlike the characteristics of rain water oncontinent, the pH of rain water has been observed to be acidicin all the events over the Indian Ocean during Pre-campaigns ofIndian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX). The possible reason for acidicrains over Indian Ocean could be the anthropogenic contributionfrom continent transported by NE winds coming towards the oceanduring this period.