烟气同时脱硫脱硝化学反应的可能性分析

根据烟气气体组分情况,将可能发生的化学反应方程式进行筛选,确定独立反应个数。通过热力学计算得到了标准状态下热力学函数值,进而求得了不同温度下的热力学性质。通过标准生成自由焓、标准吉布斯自由能变、标准熵变的计算,分析了烟气同时脱硫、脱硝中发生化学反应的可能性,为烟气同时脱硫、脱硝动力学理论的研究打下了基础。     

利用水泥处理垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水的研究

利用水泥的表面吸附和水化反应性质处理垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水可以取得很好的效果,COD的去除率可达69.5%.处理效果与水灰比、反应时间密切相关,低水灰比和较长反应时间对COD的去除更为有利.对处理前后水样的COD和TOC分析表明,水泥对非TOC贡献的COD有很强的去除效果.     

粘土矿物与重金属界面反应的研究进展

介绍了3种粘土吸附剂：蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石对重金属的吸附、脱附等界面反应机理，以及粘土矿物对重金属的选择性及对吸附的影响因素。另外，还探讨了为提高其吸附性能而进行的改性方法。     

Optimizing electron spin resonance detection of hydroxyl radical in water

The parameters affecting the electron spin resonance (ESR) detection of hydroxyl free radical in water are studied and optimized. The hydroxyl radical is generated by the Fenton reaction with iron (II) ammonium sulfate and hydrogen peroxide reacting in a phosphate buffer using N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitron as the spin trap. The concentrations of Fe²⁺, H₂O₂, and phosphate buffer are the parameters studied. The Taguchi method and the orthogonal experiment design were used to evaluate the effects of these parameters on the ESR signal intensity. By the analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio and the analysis of variance, the order of importance of the various parameters on the hydroxyl radical formation is determined for optimal ESR detection of hydroxyl radical. The results will help the development of water purification technologies using hydroxyl free radical as a green oxidant.     

短程硝化过程2种亚硝酸盐氧化菌抑制策略探讨

为维持短程硝化稳定,保证亚硝酸盐高效积累,需要对污水处理系统亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的性质进行深入了解。分别对Nitrospira以及Nitrobacter的动力学参数,以及在活性污泥系统、生物膜系统、颗粒污泥系统中2菌属特性进行比较。经分析后认为,Nitrospira相对于Nitrobacter比增长速率较低,对O2,NO2-底物亲和性较好,适宜生长于低浓度环境中,是A2/O、短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺中的主要NOB菌属;Nitrobacter则适宜在高浓度环境中生长。在颗粒污泥系统中,NOB主要处于污泥内部,由于缺乏O2,NO2-更容易被淘汰出反应器。通过对比短程硝化主要控制参数,认为NOB的抑制策略包括：在活性污泥系统中维持合理的污泥龄(SRT)以及游离氨(FA)浓度;在生物膜系统中对溶解氧(DO)以及水力停留时间(HRT)进行联合控制;在颗粒污泥系统中维持适量剩余NH4+-N,并淘洗出掺杂其中的絮状污泥。此外,利用“饱食饥饿”效应间歇曝气并维持较低的曝停比同样有利于阻止亚硝酸盐被NOB进一步氧化,保证短程硝化稳定运行。     

基于物化生化耦合的污水深度脱氮除磷新工艺

为了解决常规污水处理技术无法进行完整的硝化反硝化过程,污水厂出水中氨氮、总氮、总磷偏高以及运行成本较高的问题,以某污水厂排水为研究对象,通过物化与生化耦合,构建化学催化生物耦合床(CCBF)脱氮系统,研究CCBF系统对污水厂排水中氨氮、总氮、总磷和COD的去除效能。结果表明：当DO为5.5~6.0 mg·L⁻¹、RT为8 h、C/N为1.5∶1时,CCBF可将${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N从48.5 mg·L⁻¹降至4.58 mg·L⁻¹、TN从51.2 mg·L⁻¹降至6.5 mg·L⁻¹、TP从6.6 mg·L⁻¹降至0.48 mg·L⁻¹、COD从78.5 mg·L⁻¹降至33 mg·L⁻¹,去除率分别达到89.5%、85.7%、92.5%和57.9%;污水经处理后,氨氮、总氮、总磷、COD均达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)一级A排放标准。利用Eckenfelder方程对系统脱氮过程进行模拟,求得${n_{{\rm{NH}}_4^ +{\text{-}} {\rm{N}}}} $=0.314 76,n_TN=0.282 21,${K_{{\rm{NH}}_4^ +{\text{-}} {\rm{N}}}} $=0.128 02,K_TN=0.218 59,与水力负荷为0.000 8~0.007 m³·(m²·min)⁻¹的常规生物处理相比,系统内部生物量充足、活性高,物化与生物耦合强化效果明显。     

汽车尾气催化转化器模型研究进展

本文主要介绍汽车尾气催化转化器模型的研究进展 ,包括反应器内气体流动特性、单通道反应器内的传递现象和反应动力学、通道间的热传递和反应行为的模拟 ;并指出认识反应器内的各种特性和规律对设计汽车尾气催化转化器的必要性和意义     

曝气生物滤池去除有机物与反应常数及膜厚的关系

推导了BAF前置反硝化工艺简化动力学模型,揭示了BAF去除有机物与反应速率常数与膜厚的关系。同时以生物膜中活性物质与非活性物质增长生物数学模型体系为基础,从理论上推导了BAF最佳膜厚的范围。     

Oxidative treatment of simulated dyehouse effluent by uv and near-UV light assisted Fenton's reagent

UV/Fenton, near-UV-visible/Fenton, dark Fenton, and H₂O₂/UV reactions have been used to treat simulated dyehouse effluents representing wastewater from the textile dyeing and rinsing process. Experiments were carried out in a lab - scale photochemical reactor using concentrations of 0.5–25 mM H₂O₂, 0.04-0.5 mM Fe²⁺-ion and different dilutions of textile wastewater. To assess the extent of mineralization, decolourization kinetics and the effect of different fight sources on treatment efficiency, DOC, optical density at 254 nm and 600 nm wavelength and residual H₂O₂ concentrations were measured during the course of the advanced oxidation reactions. Comparative evaluation of the obtained results revealed that the decolourization rate increased with applied H₂O₂ and Fe²⁺-ion dose as well as the strength of the synthetic textile wastewater. The best results were obtained by the near - UV/visible/Fenton process with a decolourization rate constant of 1.57 min⁻¹, a UV_254nm reduction of 97% and a DOC removal of 41% at relatively low doses of the H₂O₂ oxidant and Fe²⁺-ion catalyst within 60 min treatment time.     

A study of the atmospheric reaction of CH3S with O3 as a function of temperature

The atmospheric reaction of the methylthiyl radical (CH₃S) with O₃ was investigated as a function of temperature (259–381 K), in the pressure range of 25–300 Torr, using the technique of laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence. The resulting Arrhenius expression, with an uncertainty of ±2σ, was k₁(T=259–381 K)=(1.02±0.30)×10⁻¹² exp[(432±77) K/T] cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹. The obtained rate constant k₁ was independent of pressure over the limited range employed. Our results are compared with the previous studies carried out, at single temperature and as a function of temperature, by different techniques.