Influence of zeta potential on the flocculation of cyanobacteria cells using chitosan modified soil

Using chitosan modified soil to flocculate and sediment algal cells has been considered as a promising strategy to combat cyanobacteria blooms in natural waters. However, the flocculation efficiency often varies with algal cells with different zeta potential (ZP) attributed to different growth phases or water conditions. This article investigated the relationship between ZP of Microcystis aeruginosa and its influence to the flocculation efficiency using chitosan modified soil. Results suggested that the optimal removal efficiency was obtained when the ZP was between − 20.7 and − 6.7 mV with a removal efficiency of more than 80% in 30 min and large floc size of > 350 μm. When the algal cells were more negatively charged than − 20.7 mV, the effect of chitosan modified soil was depressed (< 60%) due to the insufficient charge density of chitosan to neutralize and destabilize the algal suspension. When the algal cells were less negative than − 6.7 mV or even positively charged, a small floc size (< 120 μm) was formed, which may be difficult to sink under natural water conditions. Therefore, manipulation of ZP provided a viable tool to improve the flocculation efficiency of chitosan modified soil and an important guidance for practical engineering of cyanobacteria bloom control.     

基于PPI的土地利用优化研究

土地利用类型和管理方式是非点源污染的主要影响因素,受人类活动影响较大.基于对非点源污染防治措施的汇总分析,在三道防线的理念指导下,对密云水库流域3个典型小流域的土地利用现状进行了合理性分析,并设计了9个土地利用优化情景.以曹家路流域为例,利用PPI模型和R-PPI指数对比分析不同土地利用优化情景对环境的影响,得到最佳的土地利用组合.运用PPI模型和R-PPI指数进行土地利用优化情景的设计和比较,可以得到土地利用和管理方式的最优组合,从而优化流域内土地利用的空间分布和管理方式,削减水土流失,为土地利用规划和污染防治方案的制定和选择提供支撑.     

不同环境因子对纳米羟基磷灰石在饱和填充柱中迁移规律的影响

选用石英砂填充柱模拟土壤体系,通过测量纳米羟基磷灰石（Nano-HAP）ζ电位、出流比等来考察不同环境因素（腐殖酸浓度、pH和离子强度）对其在饱和石英砂柱中迁移规律的影响.结果表明,随着腐殖酸浓度的增加,Nano-HAP胶体的ζ电位相应增加（绝对值增加）,吸附效率（α）相应降低,当溶液中腐殖酸浓度由0增加为10 mg/...     

基于平衡分配法的太湖沉积物重金属质量基准及其在生态风险评价中的应用研究

水体沉积物评价和管理中最紧迫的问题是建立水体沉积物质量基准以保护水生生物.以太湖为研究对象,利用平衡分配法初步探讨了太湖不同湖区中Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr4种重金属的质量基准,分析了各校正项对不同重金属基准的贡献,利用基于沉积物质量基准的SQG-Q法对太湖各湖区沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险进行了评估.结果表明：SQGPb、SQGCu、SQGZn和SQGCr分别为21.2～307.4mg·kg-1、52.3～281.0mg·kg-1、399.7～1659.1mg·kg-1和21.2～68.7mg·kg-1,不同湖区沉积物重金属质量基准存在差异;SQGPb基本由AVS校正决定,Kp·WQC值和粒径校正两者主要决定了SQGCu和SQGZn,SQGCr则由Kp·WQC值、粒径校正、残渣态校正共同决定;四种重金属含量与沉积物质量基准初步值相比,超基准程度次序为Cr〉Pb〉Zn〉Cu;太湖各湖区沉积物中的重金属存在中等潜在生态风险,且大小顺序为竺山湾〉梅梁湾〉贡湖湾〉东太湖〉西部沿岸区和东部沿岸区〉湖心区〉南部沿岸区.     

民用生物质燃烧挥发性有机化合物排放特征

民用生物质燃烧是我国人为源挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放的主要来源.采用罐采样-GC/MS和DNPH衍生-HPLC这2种方法联用采集和分析了5种主要民用生物质燃烧排放烟气中的VOCs组分,并利用碳平衡法确定其排放系数.研究表明,秸秆和木柴等民用生物质燃烧总的VOCs排放系数分别为（4.37±2.23）g·kg-1和（2.12±0.77）g·kg-1,秸秆燃烧排放高于木柴燃烧排放;民用生物质燃烧排放VOCs中,最为丰富的物种为芳香烃和醛类,含量均在25%以上;秸秆和木柴燃烧除卤代烃和腈类含量差异较大外,其余物种分布比较类似;秸秆和木柴燃烧VOCs排放总的臭氧生成潜势分别为（16.9±8.2）g·kg-1和（10.8±4.9）g·kg-1;臭氧生成潜势比较高的物种依次为：醛类、芳香烃和烯烃/炔烃,其中醛类贡献基本在50%以上.     

舟山本岛河流沉积物重金属污染特征与评价

测试和研究了舟山本岛8条河流沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr的含量与分布特征,利用地累积指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物重金属进行了生态风险评价,结果表明:(1)基于地累积指数法的评价表明Hg、Cr、As为清洁,Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn为轻度污染;(2)基于单项潜在生态风险系数的评价表明研究区内沉积物中Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Cr处于轻微等级,Cd和Hg则有不同程度的污染;该区域重金属生态风险等级顺序为Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Zn;(3)根据综合潜在生态风险指数,城关河和展茅河处于中等风险等级。     

Influence of packing media on nitrogen removal in a subsurface infiltration system

Influence of packing media on nitrogen removal in a subsurface infiltration system was studied. System A was filled with loamy soil and system B was filled with mixed soil of 75% red clay with 25% cinder. Both systems were fed with sewage at the same hydraulic loading of 2 cm/d at continuous operation mode. The same excellent removal performances of COD and T-P could be achieved in both infiltration systems with removal rates about 85% and 98%, respectively. In system A, NH4^ -N removal rate was as high as 96.5% and T-N removal rate was relatively much lower as 55.7%. And in system B, NH4^ -N removal rate was as low as 75.4% and T-N removal rate was relatively much higher as 75.5 %. The difference was attributed to different soil oxidation-reduction condition that was greatly influenced by soil texture in subsurface infiltration system. Loamy soil led to oxidative condition that was favorable to nitrification and disadvantageous to denitrification. The results were just adverse to the system filled with clay. Intermittent operation was adopted to improve nitrogen removal in system B. NH4^ -N removal rate could be increased to about 95% and T-N removal rate could be increased to about 90% at intermittent operation mode in system B. Analysis of nitrogen removal mechanisms indicated that nitrification-denitrification was the primary nitrogen removal path in subsurface infiltration system and crop uptake was another important nitrogen removal way, It was the key to improve the total N removal performance that a suitable packing soil was available to present favorable oxidation-reduction condition for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.     

粤北某离子吸附型稀土矿山土壤和地表水重金属分布及风险评价

对粤北某离子吸附型稀土矿24个土壤样品中的As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn和Hg,以及15个地表水样品中的As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Mn、Pb和Zn进行了检测,并以多元统计分析与土壤潜在生态风险指数法、地表水健康风险评价模型相结合的方式,研究了重金属的分布特征及风险水平。结果表明:在土壤中,Mn、Zn、Cd和Pb的平均含量均超过了背景值;Mn、Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd和Zn在采区有较明显集聚,As、Pb和Hg的高含量分布相对均匀;Cr、Ni、Cu和Pb含量主要受区域背景影响,Zn、As、Cd和Hg含量与矿区人类活动关系密切,Mn含量受自然和人为因素共同控制;重金属造成的土壤潜在生态风险整体处于轻微水平,Ⅱ采区和Ⅶ采区生态风险较高;Cd和Hg是造成土壤生态危害的主要重金属元素。在地表水中,Mn的平均浓度超过了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)规定的限值,其余重金属的含量均满足该标准中的Ⅲ类水质要求;重金属浓度在靠近采区及位于河流中下游的位置偏高;Mn、Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu浓度受稀土开采影响较大,As、Hg浓度主要受自然因素影响;重金属产生的健康总风险(9.39×10^-7~1.01×10^-6 a^-1)低于国际辐射防护委员会推荐的参考标准(5×10^-5 a^-1),但儿童通过饮水途径受到的健康风险(1.01×10^-6 a^-1)略超过部分机构的推荐限值;Cd和As是地表水中产生健康风险的主要重金属元素。综上,研究区重金属污染风险管理的主要对象是Cd和Mn。     

地质高背景与污染叠加区不同土地利用方式下土壤重金属分布特征

黔西北喀斯特地质高背景和历史遗留土法炼锌污染叠加,导致土壤重金属污染严重.为了解不同土地利用方式对土壤重金属分布的影响,选择威宁县某在产锌粉厂小流域为研究区域,共采集表层和剖面土壤样品126件,对农用地、荒地和林地土壤重金属(Cd、As、Pb、Cu和Zn)的空间分布、来源和生态风险进行分析和评价.结果表明,研究区表层土...     

黄河泥沙对某些重金属离子的特性吸附及影响因素研究

黄河水在河南境内含沙量巨大,所携带的泥沙粒子对重金属离子的作用关系到河水的自净作用。以泥沙粒子的ξ电位测定为主要手段,研究了泥沙粒子对Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｄ离子的特性吸附及某些因素对吸附的影响。结果表明:不同重金属离子被吸附程度不同;泥沙表面的有机物层阻碍吸附;而溶液的盐度增大,温度升高均不利于吸附,且各离子受影响的程度不同。