煤层自燃危险程度的灰色关联分析

将灰色关联分析法应用于煤矿自燃危险程度的评价中,全面考虑影响煤矿生产系统安全的各种因素,结合实例建立了煤矿自燃危险程度的数学模型,阐明了灰色关联分析法的原理和算法,较好地反映了评价过程和评价因素的灰色概念,为制定防范措施和管理决策提供科学依据。     

广西龙布排泥库地下水多元示踪试验研究

以具有复杂水文地质背景的广西平果铝业公司龙布排泥库为研究区．采用钼酸铵、萤光素钠和氯化锌三种试剂．综合考虑各种水文地质条件和其它影响因素．在测区48km^2范围内,布置投放点3个．接收点19个,进行地下水多元示踪试验,为该尾矿库的设计与建设提供必要的水文地质依据,分析库内与库外的地下水水力联系情况,尤其库内与布见水库的水力联系情况,并计算地下水流速,确定地下水流向的主导方向,对于评价该尾矿库对布见水库水源的污染情况具有重要意义。     

灰色关联分析在矿山安全评价中的应用

寻求并建立科学、合理的矿山安全评价模型,并与实际生产相结合,是矿山安全管理与控制的关键问题,也是安全技术及工程学院投入大量的人力和物力进行研究的重要领域。根据矿山灾害系统的结构特点,应用灰色系统理论对矿山系统的安全状况进行评价,及时了解矿山安全生产的动态,可使矿山的技术和管理部门有针对性地采取措施,达到安全生产的目的。     

Parameterization of the roughness length over the sea in forced and free convection

In the condition of free convection, the Charnock relation is inadequate. In this paper we extend the Charnock relation to include the effect of free convection on the roughness length. As a result, the singularity in the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory can be avoided. This paper shows two approaches to derive the roughness length formula in the forced and free convections. The first approach is based on the mixing length theory and the use of the observational data of the vertical velocity variance. We introduce a new vertical velocity scale based on the vertical velocity variance; this velocity variance is well behaved in the atmospheric boundary layer and easy to obtain from field experiments. The second approach is based on the theoretical framework of Sykes et al. (Q R Met Soc, 119: 409–421). From that framework, we develop a theory to obtain the roughness length formula. The results of these two approaches are in agreement with each other. In the past, a multiplication factor associated with free convection was considered to be a constant. This paper shows that this multiplication factor is, in fact, also dependent on the depth of the mixing height. In previous studies, experimental works were often conducted without taking into account the depth of the mixing height. Not taking into account the mixing height in the estimation of the roughness length in free convection would result in an inaccurate estimate of the roughness length and hence the drag coefficient. An erratum to this article can be found at     

滑坡的发生与降雨关系的研究

在分析滑坡的地质资料和气象资料的基础上,讨论了降雨诱发滑坡的机制,并深入探讨了滑坡与降雨的关系,包括:滑坡与降雨的分布特点、滑坡与降雨频次之间的关系、滑坡与降雨在时间上的关系等。结果表明:滑坡发生的概率和滑坡数量不仅与降雨量的大小成正相关关系,而且与滑坡发生的当天降雨及前期降雨特征关系密切。     

污染排放与环境质量关系模型构建与应用

为分析污染排放与环境质量的相互影响,构建了环境质量与污染排放关系模型,将环境质量与污染排放的关系划分为低污染-高质量、高污染-高质量、高污染-低质量、低污染-低质量这4种类型,探讨不同类型间的演变路径,并以2005~2010年中国各地区数据对建立的模型进行实证分析.结果表明,中国大部分省区属于高污染-低质量类型,且研究期内类型格局未发生明显变化;大部分省区环境质量指数高于污染排放指数,污染物排放量超过环境容量,污染物减排是各地所面临的首要环境问题;中国目前正处于环境治理的关键时期,应防止经济系统对环境系统的过度扰动.研究结果有助于各地区研判环境形势,推进污染减排,从而最终改善环境质量.     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in surface soil from the Tibetan Plateau

Concentrations of Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs） and polychlorinated biphenyls（PCBs） in soil samples from Tibetan Plateau were determined. The average concentration of total 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs was（2.30 ± 1.02） pg/g, and World Health Organization Toxicity Equivalency（WHO-TEQ） average concentration was（0.013 ± 0.010）pg WHO-TEQ/g. The average concentration of ∑PCBs（7 indicator PCB and 12 dioxin like-PCB congeners） was（16.2 ± 9.25） pg/g, and WHO-TEQ average concentration was 0.043 ±0.049 pg WHO-TEQ/g. Comparing to previous studies in similar environmental conditions,PCDD/Fs and PCBs in this study showed a relatively lower concentration. The altitude dependences of PCDD/Fs and PCBs were also studied. Total organic carbon（TOC） normalized concentrations presented a quadratic relation with the altitudes, and an inflection could be found on the parabola of the total concentrations and some congeners of high concentration.The concentrations decreased with altitudes below about 4500 m above sea level（a.s.l.）, while they increased with altitudes above it. These phenomena indicate that cold condensation of PCDD/Fs and PCBs would happen above 4500 m a.s.l, on the Tibetan Plateau.     

建立和谐的企业与环境关系需要研究的问题及对策

从构建社会主义和谐社会的子细胞-企业入手,首先分析了企业发展对环境影响的现状。之后探讨了企业履行环境责任行为对构建和谐社会的影响,说明企业环境责任行为关乎环境安全和公民健康;关乎参与国际竞争;关乎企业的良性发展;关乎社会关系和谐。最后探讨了建立和谐的企业与环境关系的途径：企业应履行社会责任,处理好与社会之间的关系;树立正确绩效观,处理好保护环境与提高经济效益的关系;履行环保法律义务,自觉地保护环境;主动地实施清洁生产,实现和谐发展。     

华东六省可持续发展水平的综合评价

随着资源和环境问题的日益凸现,经济和社会的发展必然要走可持续发展的道路。可持续发展是全面的、和谐的发展,其发展的能力和水平与经济、社会、资源、环境等多方面因素有关。本文采用灰色关联投影法,考虑人口、能源、资源、环境的压力程度、占全国GDP的份额、教育经费投入、高技术产业总产值、登记失业率等多方面因素,对华东地区的山东、河南、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建六个省份的可持续发展水平进行了综合评价,可为政府决策部门调整经济结构、缓解社会压力、改善环境质量提供一定的科学依据。     

城市供水管网在地震时的连通可靠性分析

考虑地震作用效应和管道抗力的随机特性,建立了埋地管道单元的概率预测模型,评估其在地震时的震害状态.把供水管网系统简化为边权有向网络图,通过Monte Carlo随机模拟过程,近似再现管网中各管段的破坏状态,进而分别结合图论理论方法和模糊关系矩阵法,对管网进行连通可靠性分析.由于Monte Carlo模拟算法是以管网各节...