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931.
932.
933.
934.
水中典型内分泌干扰物质的臭氧氧化研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在静态实验中,考察了臭氧投加量、HCO-3浓度和pH值对O3氧化去除水中典型内分泌干扰物(EDs)E1、E2、EE2、DES和4-n-NP的影响.结果表明,5种EDs的去除率随O3投加量的增加而增大,O3浓度达到63.6 μg/L时可去除92.0%以上的EDs,HCO-3(0~100 mg/L)的引入抑制了O3氧化,O3氧化去除EDs的能力随溶液pH值升高而大幅度提高.在中性(pH≈7.0)和碱性(pH>10.6)条件下,O3氧化5种EDs的表观二级反应速率常数(20℃±0.5℃)分别在(1.67~3.89)×106 L·(mol·s)-1和(0.93~1.75)×109 L·(mol·s)-1范围内,表明这5种物质在水中可被O3迅速氧化去除.计算得出5种EDs的基元反应速率常数(20℃±0.5℃),发现O3与离子态的EDs反应活性[1.21×109~3.81×109 L·(mol·s)-1]是其与分子态EDs的反应活性[7.62×105~2.55×106 L·(mol·s)-1]的103~104倍.对比不同水质本底下O3氧化去除EDs的实验发现,滤后水和江水中EDs的去除率较其在超纯水中分别降低了26.5%~50.3%和57.3%~72.0%,表明实际水体中的有机物通过竞争氧化剂,抑制了EDs的O3氧化去除. 相似文献
935.
东海春季赤潮前后沉积物-海水界面营养盐交换速率的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
应用实验室培养法现场研究了3~5月东海硅藻赤潮发生前后10个站位的营养盐在沉积物-海水界面的交换,并应用连续函数拟合法计算了营养盐的界面交换速率.结果显示,NO-3-N在赤潮前向沉积物中汇聚[-1.33~-0.68 mmol/(m2·d)],赤潮后却基本由沉积物向海水中释放[-0.69~0.82 mmol/(m2·d)].NH+4-N在赤潮前后大都从沉积物中释放[-0.65~1.46 mmol/(m2·d)],赤潮后释放速率小于赤潮前.NO-2-N赤潮前后除Zc17站外都向沉积物中汇聚[-0.09~0.05 mmol/(m2·d)],赤潮后汇聚速率稍高.SiO2-3-Si在所有站位都由沉积物向海水释放[0.85~9.23 mmol/(m2·d)],其赤潮后速率高于赤潮前.PO3-4-P在赤潮前向沉积物中汇聚[-0.06~-0.01 mmol/(m2·d)],在赤潮后却由沉积物向海水中释放[0~1.26 mmol/(m2·d)].NO-3-N和PO3-4-P向东海近海沉积物的汇聚在春季不利于硅藻赤潮的暴发,但其在硅藻赤潮暴发后从沉积物的大量释放为后面紧接的大面积甲藻赤潮的暴发提供了重要的营养物质补充. 相似文献
936.
937.
François Vialard Giuseppe Simoni Denise Molina Gomes Azzedine Abourra Simona De Toffol Fabrice Bru Maria Carmen Martinez Romero Lucio Nitsch Philippe Bouhanna Livia Marcato Thomas Popowski Beatrice Grimi Jose Antonio Martínez-Conejero B. Benzacken Rita Genesio Francesca R. Grati 《黑龙江环境通报》2012,32(4):329-335
938.
Time discounting and the decision to protect areas that are near and threatened or remote and cheap to acquire
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Paul R. Armsworth 《Conservation biology》2018,32(5):1063-1073
Should conservation organizations focus on protecting habitats that are at imminent risk of being converted but are expensive or more remote areas that are less immediately threatened but where a large amount of land can be set aside? Variants of this trade‐off commonly arise in spatial planning. I used models of land‐use change near a deforestation frontier to examine this trade‐off. The optimal choice of where to protect was determined by how decisions taken today accounted for ecological benefits and economic costs of conservation actions that would occur sometime in the future. I used an ecological and economic discount rate to weight these benefits and costs. A large economic discount rate favored protecting more remote areas, whereas a large, positive ecological discount rate favored protecting habitat near the current deforestation frontier. The decision over where to protect was also affected by the influence economic factors had on landowners' decisions, the rate of technological change, and ecological heterogeneity of the landscape. How benefits and costs through time are accounted for warrants careful consideration when specifying conservation objectives. It may provide a niche axis along which conservation organizations differentiate themselves when competing for donor funding or other support. 相似文献
939.
Parameters of the production and destruction processes in different types of tundras are compared. It is shown that there is a fairly high degree of correspondence between the structure of tundra communities and the ecotopes occupied by them. On the other hand, typologically similar lowland and mountain tundras markedly differ in the functional respect. The rate of decomposition processes is higher under environmental conditions of the mountain tundra belt. 相似文献
940.
František Vožeh Antonín Doněk Jan Cendelín Ivana Korelusová Jan Vrba 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(4):501-504
The effect of long-term exposure to high frequency electromagnetic field (HF EMF) on some somatic and neural characteristics
was studied in neurodefective Lurcher mutant (+/Lc) and normal wild type mice (+/+). Both newborn and young adult (3 months)
animals derived from two strains (C3H, B6CBA) were exposed to HF EMF (870 MHz) from 1st to 21st day or from 91st to 120th
day respectively. In animals of both groups and controls we observed the development of body weight. Moreover, in the HF EMF
exposed adult B6CBA animals we studied spatial learning ability, motor functions and the CNS excitability. To investigate
specific energy absorption rate (SAR) in experimental animals we have done the basic 3D calculations of the electromagnetic
energy distribution in the simplified model of the mouse. The HF EMF exposed animals exhibited mild differences of body weight
between them and unexposed controls. The long-term exposure to HF EMF did not significantly influence the ability to learn
in the Morris water maze. However, significant lower swimming speed was found in the irradiated +/Lc as well as lower motor
activity of +/+ in the open field when compared to controls. No significant differences were found between HF EMF irradiated
animals and controls in examination of the CNS excitability and motor functions. 相似文献