近5年增强UV-B辐射对植物影响的研究进展

综合分析了近5年增强UV-B辐射对植物影响的最新研究进展.结果发现近5年来增强UV-B辐射对植物影响的研究明显具有以下趋势:1)增强UV-B辐射对植物个体影响的研究总体上趋于减少;2)对植物信号转导的研究日益增多;3)植物对增强UV-B辐射胁迫的防卫机制和伤害修复研究仍是重点,但更偏重于防卫机制方面的研究;4)更加重视对植物群体及生态系统影响的研究;5)增强UV-B辐射与其它因子(环境背景因子和污染胁迫因子)的复合作用研究成为新的热点和重点.根据近5年的研究进展,推断在今后一段时间内,有关增强UV-B辐射对植物和生态系统影响的研究还会加强,信号转导、分子水平机理以及增强UV-B辐射与其它因子的复合作用研究可能是今后的研究热点.     

COD测定方法的发展与研究动态

本文较为全面地论述了COD测定方法的发展与研究现状。在论述了国标中COD标准方法不足之处的基础上,本文就标准方法的众多改进措施分类进行了比较与探讨,包括消解方法的改进、替代催化剂的研究以及氯离子干扰的消除,然后介绍了相关系数法、电化学法、分光光度法和流动注射法等COD测定替代技术。本文认为,研究试剂用量少、无污染的绿色COD测定方法具有重要而积极的意义,而研究适应性强、运行可靠、性价比高的COD在线监测仪则是COD监测的发展趋势。     

警用防暴装备的研究进展及应用分析

在警员执法过程中,来自刀具、钝器等器材的暴力伤害无处不在。防暴装备作为一种重要的警用防护器材是保护警员的重要手段。本文对各类防暴装备的相关标准和研究进展进行了介绍,分析和比较了各类防暴装备的防暴机理及防暴性能,阐述了各类防暴装备的应用范围,最后对防暴装备的应用和研究提出了建议。     

When does centrality matter? Scientific productivity and the moderating role of research specialization and cross‐community ties

The present study addresses the ongoing debate concerning academic scientific productivity. Specifically, given the increasing number of collaborations in academia and the crucial role networks play in knowledge creation, we investigate the extent to which building social capital within the academic community represents a valuable resource for a scientist's knowledge‐creation process. We measure the social capital in terms of structural position within the academic collaborative network. Furthermore, we analyse the extent to which an academic scientist's research specialization and ties that cross‐community boundaries act as moderators of the aforementioned relationship. Empirical results derived from an analysis of an Italian academic community from 2001 to 2008 suggest academic scientists that build social capital by occupying central positions in the community outperform their more isolated colleagues. However, scientific productivity declines beyond a certain threshold value of centrality, hence revealing the existence of an inverted U‐shaped relationship. This relationship is negatively moderated by the extent to which an academic focuses research activities in few scientific knowledge domains, whereas it is positively moderated by the number of cross‐community ties established. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Health and Social Resources

There is a relationship between the changes in work-related diseases and the following factors: the transformation of the organization of work, organizational development, as well as human and social changes in the work environment. These factors also influence the maintenance of industrial health and safety standards at work. Safety technology will continue to be important, but will be reduced in significance compared to the so-called soft factors, that is, all dimensions and parameters affecting people’s health and social environment at the work place.

It seems that in the future the relationship between the social resource development and work protection will become more relevant. Social resource development influences the quality of work performance and motivation, the quality of work and work protection, the likelihood of accidents and breakdowns, and the level of self-control and capacity of change.

The consequences of work protection research will be discussed in this article with a focus on the contribution of social sciences.     

近十年我国人机工程学应用研究进展

借助维普《中文科技期刊数据库》,按照不同的学科门类、发表的年限以及人机工程学的研究内容,对1994～2003年国内近4000种主要刊物上发表的有关人机工程学应用研究方面的论文进行全面检索和统计,在此基础上分析我国人机工程应用研究的进展情况。     

Near-miss在知识图谱下的演化路径与发展前沿可视化分析

为了直观展现Near-miss在国内外的研究现状,把握其热点演化路径,同时预测今后的研究趋势,以Web of Science核心合集和CNKI中1995—2020年共计989篇相关文献为研究对象,借助Citespace软件,通过共现图谱、高频词统计、时区图和热词突现等方式对Near-miss在国内外的研究进展进行可视化对比分析。研究结果表明:国内外Near-miss研究在发展趋势、主要研究群体和机构、热点演化路径和前沿趋势等方面均存在一定差异,“风险管理”、“施工安全”和“事故防御”是Near-miss未来的研究趋势。     

知识生产视角下应急管理学科建设的使命与路径

为厘清应急管理学科建设机制、推进应急管理学科良性发展,通过回顾学科建设历史,来分析应急管理学科建设面临的困境与肩负的使命,并提出相应的建设路径.研究表明:在知识生产模式转型视角下,应急管理学科建设面临知识生产者离散、知识创新度不足、知识转化率有限的三重困境,需要完成"朝向人才培养的应急管理知识直接再生产""朝向科学研究...