A framework for evaluating and designing citizen science programs for natural resources monitoring

We present a framework of resource characteristics critical to the design and assessment of citizen science programs that monitor natural resources. To develop the framework we reviewed 52 citizen science programs that monitored a wide range of resources and provided insights into what resource characteristics are most conducive to developing citizen science programs and how resource characteristics may constrain the use or growth of these programs. We focused on 4 types of resource characteristics: biophysical and geographical, management and monitoring, public awareness and knowledge, and social and cultural characteristics. We applied the framework to 2 programs, the Tucson (U.S.A.) Bird Count and the Maui (U.S.A.) Great Whale Count. We found that resource characteristics such as accessibility, diverse institutional involvement in resource management, and social or cultural importance of the resource affected program endurance and success. However, the relative influence of each characteristic was in turn affected by goals of the citizen science programs. Although the goals of public engagement and education sometimes complimented the goal of collecting reliable data, in many cases trade‐offs must be made between these 2 goals. Program goals and priorities ultimately dictate the design of citizen science programs, but for a program to endure and successfully meet its goals, program managers must consider the diverse ways that the nature of the resource being monitored influences public participation in monitoring.     

牡丹江市噪声功能区划调整技术方法的研究

原牡丹江城市功能区区划制定于2001年,但是随着经济的发展牡丹江城市化进程的不断推进,城市部分土地的使用功能发生了改变,同时城市规划与用地现状存在较大矛盾,造成原功能区的划分与现实的差距较大,因此该区划已经不能为环境管理提供有效的技术支持,为适应牡丹江市城市环境管理和人民生活的需要,科学调整牡丹江市环境噪声功能区划是构建人和自然相处的和谐社会,并为环境噪声执法提供依据的有效手段。本文通过噪声功能区划的技术规定认真分析研究,并结合牡丹江市实际情况对牡丹江市噪声功能区划进行调整,可以为其它县（市）的功能区调整提供一定的技术参考。     

油田钻井废水的治理研究

根据钻井废水的污染成分及国内外处理区域环境的敏感性采取三种方法对其进行治理，即：废水回灌、集中处理后回灌或回注、现场处理后回注。在冀东油田进行了三种处理方案的试验研究，取得了一定的效益，有望在石油行业推广应用。     

湖南隆回打鸟坳迁徙鸟类资源的调查研究

采用路线调查、样方调查法、鸟类鸣叫声音统计法和走访调查等调查研究方法,对湖南隆回打鸟坳迁徙鸟类资源进行了调查研究,发现该地计有迁徙鸟类10目21科56种,其中留鸟有22种,占39%,夏候鸟有7种,占13%,旅鸟有27,占48%.同时分析了打鸟坳鸟类扑火的原因,并对打鸟坳鸟类资源保护提出了一些建议.     

Low energy buildings in Taiwan mountain areas: A weather data analysis

The energy consumption of buildings is influenced by the climates tremendously. Taiwan is an island covered with high mountains. Crossed by the tropic of cancer, the basic climates zones include tropical and subtropical climates. In this research, the degree day and degree hour methods were used to analyze 37 weather stations data in mid and high elevation regions of Taiwan collected over 10 years. The WRF model were used to predict summer cooling hours using 26, 28, 30°C as the base temperatures. The research showed that Taiwan has complicated climate zones due to the variations of the elevation. The low air-conditioning load areas in the mid and high elevation regions will be the most suitable areas to design low energy consumption buildings in Taiwan.     

酸性硫酸盐土研究现状与发展趋向

对国内外酸性硫酸盐土的研究现状进行了综述,并提出了有关今后酸性硫酸盐土研究的几个重要发展方向：（1）酸性硫酸盐土的酸释放机制;（2）酸性硫酸盐土的生态环境效应及其全球变化贡献与生态风险评价;（3）退化酸性硫酸盐土的恢复与重建的接口技术体系;（4）酸性硫酸盐土的可持续利用模式与管理。     

基于知网的我国防震减灾政策研究文献计量分析

为分析我国防震减灾政策研究工作现状,基于中国知网数据库,对1976-2019年期间的5104篇研究文献,从文献情况、期刊情况、作者情况、机构情况4个方面进行统计分析,着重分析了年度发文数量、引用情况、研究主题和地震事件等指标数据.结果表明,近40多年来,我国防震减灾政策研究不断发展,具体表现在研究成果数量不断增多,研究...     

高温废气过滤除尘技术研究进展

介绍了高温废气除尘技术的种类及特点,讨论了过滤式除尘器的种类和过滤机理,重点综述了国内外高温废气除尘技术的研究现状,最后探讨了高温废气除尘技术的发展趋势.     

把污染预防纳入化工过程和产品的研究开发与设计中

介绍了污染预防的概念以及在化工过程和产品的研究开发和设计中考虑污染预防的基本方法。并给出了一些简单实例予以说明。     

Reflections: Resolving conflicting demands within disaster risk and recovery

This ‘reflection’ describes conflicting experiences, drawn from the author’s career in varied aspects of disaster risk management and recovery (1973–2016) delving into his memory, Ian Davis explores conflicts he has felt in four parallel roles he has adopted as architect, NGO board member, academic and the personal challenges he has faced working within the humanitarian sector. After describing these encounters, some practical solutions are suggested. The reflection concludes with a suggestion that at the root of these conflicts there is a need for people working in the humanitarian field to become more accountable in a downward direction towards those they seek to serve, who often lack power and influence. These include an architect’s clients, the beneficiaries of an NGO’s concern, an academic’s students or trainees and more broadly an ethical challenge that the author strives after, to regard his work as a vocation, highlighting the need for service to others rather than self-promotion.