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81.
为探讨不同水稻品种间甲烷排放差异形成的机制,选取早晚稻各6个品种为供试材料进行大田试验,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法测定CH4气体.结果表明,早晚稻甲烷排放通量品种间差异显著,全生育甲烷排放通量均值湘早籼24号最高,株两优819最低,相差34. 6%;晚稻种,T优15最高,资优299最低,相差33. 9%.不同双季稻品种间甲烷排放量、单位产量温室效应差异显著.早稻品种的CH4累计排放量介于198. 3~303. 44 kg·hm-2之间,排放量最低是株两优819;单位产量温室效应介于0. 67~1. 40 kg·kg~(-1)之间,陆两优996最低.晚稻品种的CH4累计排放量明显高于早稻,介于291. 93~388. 28kg·hm-2之间,资优299最低;单位产量温室效应介于0. 94~1. 68 kg·kg~(-1)之间,Y两优1号最低.稻田甲烷排放与水稻产量、根冠比、根系孔隙度、土壤溶液Eh值、甲烷浓度、可溶性碳浓度及铵态氮浓度的相关性均达到显著或极显著水平.双季稻品种甲烷排放与水稻根冠比及根孔隙度关系密切,降低早稻品种根系孔隙度或者根冠比可减排甲烷,而晚稻品种则与早稻相反;根际土壤溶液碳氮浓度的降低和Eh值的提高也可减少甲烷的排放. 相似文献
82.
采用磷分级提取的方法研究苦草(Vallisneria natans)生长过程中根系分布与沉积物不同形态磷和总磷的变化过程.在实验开始后20、50、80 d,分别测定苦草根系在沉积物的分布及沉积物中各形态磷的垂直变化.结果表明,苦草根系在实验装置中垂直分布在0~14 cm区域内.平均每株苦草根系根数为58条,平均根长为5.86 cm.苦草根系生物量在沉积物深度0~3、4~6、7~10、11~14 cm分配的质量分数分别为45.99%、32.75%、16.03%、5.23%.沉积物中总磷(TP),NaOH提取磷(NaOH-P)和有机磷(OP)含量在苦草根系分布集中区域内显著降低(P<0.05).HCl提取磷(HCl-P)和无机磷(IP)的含量无显著差异(P>0.05). 相似文献
83.
Consistent estimators of change and state becomes an issue when sample data come from a mix of permanent and temporary observation units. A joint maximum likelihood estimator of state and change creates estimates of state that depend on antecedent viz. posterior survey results and may differ from estimates of state derived from a single-date analysis of the sample data. A constrained estimator of change in relative categorical frequencies that eliminates this potential inconsistency is proposed and a model based estimator of their sampling variance is developed. The performance of the constrained estimator is quantified against six criteria and a joint maximum likelihood estimator in simulated sampling from 15 populations with three combinations of permanent and temporary samples, four to six categorical class attributes, and constant size between sampling dates. Bias of the constrained estimators was negligible but larger than for joint maximum likelihood estimators. Mean absolute deviations and variances of constrained estimators were generally at par with the joint estimators. Constrained estimators of root mean square errors and achieved coverage of nominal confidence intervals of constrained estimators were occasionally better. A generalized variance function for the constrained estimates of change is provided as a computational shortcut. 相似文献
84.
几何法测定生物栅中美人蕉根系面积 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
设计了1种测定生物栅中水生植物根系面积的方法.通过分别测定美人蕉(Canna indica)3级根平均直径和2级根平均直径计算得到植物根系总面积.这种方法比常用的不分级测定植物根系直径及表面积的方法准确度高1个数量级,可以应用于大根系植物的根系测定.研究结果表明,生物栅装置中美人蕉根系总面积39.4 m2,3级根系面积是2级根系的22.2倍,而体积比接近2:1,3级根和2级根平均直径比小于1:10.应用生物栅技术处理富营养化水体时,表面积占绝对优势的3级根系在对氮、磷等元素的吸收,作为微生物附着的重要载体及加强植物与填料的固着能力,改善根系与填料的空间结构等方面起重要作用. 相似文献
85.
采取水培试验,研究了不同Cd、Zn浓度单一胁迫及其交互作用对三七景天生长、根系形态及Cd、Zn吸收和积累的影响.结果表明,三七景天对Cd、Zn单一胁迫均有较强的耐受性,其根、茎、叶各组织中Cd、Zn含量均随胁迫的增加而增加,且对Cd有较强的富集能力,地上部Cd含量可达133.0 mg·kg~(-1).Cd、Zn共同胁迫对三七景天生长的影响大于单一胁迫,而根系对其胁迫更为敏感,在Cd、Zn共同胁迫下其根系长度、表面积、体积和根尖数均显著降低,且对其根尖数的影响最为显著.Zn对三七景天地上部Cd吸收具有\"低促高抑\"效应,低浓度Zn(10 mg·L~(-1))对三七景天地上部Cd吸收有协同作用,促进Cd由根部向地上部转运.而添加Cd则对三七景天Zn吸收具有拮抗作用.Zn/Cd浓度比值对三七景天Cd吸收有显著影响,Zn/Cd比值较低时促进三七景天地上部Cd的积累,而高Zn/Cd比则抑制其Cd的积累.因此,三七景天具有较强的Cd富集能力,可应用于修复Cd污染土壤,而调节生长介质中Cd、Zn比例可促进三七景天对Cd的吸收效率. 相似文献
86.
采用Li-6400便携式光合作用测量系统连接Li-6400-09土壤呼吸室,在2004年生长季节对祁连山高山草甸土壤CO2通量沿海拔梯度进行了野外定位试验,统计分析了水热因子及根系生物量对高山草甸土壤CO2通量特征的可能影响.结果表明,土壤CO2通量存在明显的空间变化规律, 沿海拔梯度土壤CO2通量随着海拔梯度的增加而逐渐减小,其变异系数逐渐增加;就日变化而言,土壤CO2通量晚间维持在较低水平,02:00~06:00最低,在07:00~08:30开始升高,11:00~16:00达到峰值,16:00~18:30开始下降,整个过程呈单峰曲线.土壤CO2通量的日平均值介于(0.56±0.32) ~ (2.53±0.76) μmol·(m2·s)-1.从季节变化来看,土壤CO2通量均以夏秋季较高,春冬季排放量较低,7~8月份达到最大值[4.736 μmol·(m2·s)-1],6月与9月份次之,5月与10月份基本一致,整个生长过程总的变化趋势呈单峰曲线形式.高山草甸土壤CO2通量在植物生长季与10 cm土壤温度、土壤含水量、根系生物量都存在不同程度的正相关关系,表明高山草甸土壤CO2通量的空间变异主要受温度、水分和植物根系的综合影响. 相似文献
87.
以水稻幼苗为材料,研究了不同质量浓度(1、100、1 000、3 000μg·L-1)微囊藻毒素(MCs)在胁迫期和恢复期对水稻幼苗根系生长、吸收活力、抗氧化系统的影响以及MCs在水稻根部的积累.结果表明,胁迫处理7 d,MCs在水稻根部的积累量与MCs质量浓度呈正相关.1μg·L-1MCs处理促进了根系生长,根系活力上升,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性上升有效维持H2O2于正常水平;100μg·L-1MCs处理下,根系生长受抑,根系活力下降,CAT无显著变化;在高质量浓度(1 000μg·L-1、3 000μg·L-1)MCs处理下,不仅根系生长受抑、根系活力下降,且CAT活性受抑,H2O2大量积累,膜质过氧化加剧.相比胁迫期,恢复7 d后各处理组水稻根系MCs的积累量均低于胁迫期.100μg·L-1MCs处理组根系各生长指标、根系活力、丙二醛(MDA)、H2O2和CAT的变幅减小,优于胁迫期,显示出一定程度的恢复,而1 000μg·L-1和3 000μg·L-1MCs处理组,根系生长与根系活力均低于胁迫期,氧化胁迫进一步加剧,表明高质量浓度(1 000μg·L-1和3 000μg·L-1)MCs对水稻根系造成的伤害不可逆. 相似文献
88.
Boneng Chen;Siyi Zhang;Xilong Huang;Weiling Cai;Ankit Garg;Chandra Bogireddy; 《环境质量管理》2024,33(3):73-80
The present study focuses on the effect of root density on gas permeability and water retention in biochar-amended soil used as a cover material in landfills. Biochar amendment of soil is important measurement in landfill cover, while vegetation is an important for ecological restoration. Despite its importance, little attention has been given to the adaptation of vegetated biochar-amended soil in landfill cover. The interactions between the biochar, vegetation, and soil concerning the gas permeability remain unknown, which may lead to unexpectedly increased waste gas emissions in landfill covers. To enhance the utilization efficiency of biochar amendment and vegetation techniques in landfill covers, further investigation of their coupled effects on gas permeability and water retention is necessary. Four different treatments were applied to manufacture series of soil columns: bare soil (BS), biochar-soil composite (BSC), vegetated biochar-soil composite with low planting density (VBSCL) and high planting density (VBSCH). The soil water characteristic curve and gas permeability were observed under natural wetting and drying cycles. The results showed that VBSCL increased gas permeability by 142% as compared to BSC. VBSCH enhanced gas permeability by 168% as compared to BSC. This was due to the spreading and decaying root systems forming preferential pathways for gas transfer. Additionally, VBSCL and VBSCH made around a 10% increase in volume water content at the whole suction range, while BSC just enhanced around 20% water content at the low suction range (less than 10 kPa). The combination of roots and biochar have significantly enhanced water retention during entire suction range due to capillarity. 相似文献
89.
In order to improve and optimize phytoremediation of PAH we propose to focus on the rhizospheric processes controlling PAH
degradation. In this paper the effect of root exudates on PAH availability is studied. Model organic compounds (malic acid,
malonic acid and EDTA) representing root exudates have been tested for their effect on phenanthrene sorption on a reference
non polluted agricultural soil material. Phenanthrene adsorption isotherms were first obtained with batch experiments. Results
showed linear isotherms and phenanthrene sorption was enhanced as the concentration of organic compounds in the solution increased.
Column leaching experiments were then used to simulate the effect of root exudation following the soil pollution. Inlet solutions
containing the different organic acids used were flowed through the column containing the artificially polluted soil material.
Elution curves showed that the phenanthrene was less easily eluted when the solution injected contained the organic acids.
However, magnitude of the phenomena did not fit with adsorption constants obtained in batch experiments. Phenanthrene desorption
appeared limited by sequestration but organic acids seemed able to partially disturb the soil material structure to limit
the sequestration effect. 相似文献
90.
为了解丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对花生抗Cd胁迫的作用及其机理,采用温室盆栽试验,研究了Cd胁迫下接种AM真菌对花生生长、根系形态、Cd吸收及光合生理的影响.结果显示,AM真菌能与花生形成良好的共生关系,施Cd对菌根侵染率无影响;Cd胁迫下接种AM真菌能够显著改善花生生长状况,植株体内P含量与吸收量分别提高1.16-1.52、1.22-1.79倍,叶片叶绿素相对含量平均增幅11.79%,地上部分和根系生物量分别增加7.55%-8.19%、10.86%-14.05%,同时接种处理显著增大了花生根系的根长、根表面积、根体积,降低了植株地上部分Cd含量;对于同一施Cd水平而言,菌根花生叶片的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)均显著高于非菌根植株,接种AM真菌使花生叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均显著增大,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著低于不接种处理.研究表明AM真菌可通过改变花生根系的形态结构来吸附固持重金属Cd,从而减少Cd向花生植株地上部分的转移,降低Cd胁迫对花生植株造成的伤害;另一方面,通过提高花生对矿质元素P的吸收来增加植株体内叶绿素含量及改善叶片叶绿素荧光和光合作用,增强花生抗Cd毒害的能力,进而促进花生生长,提高植株生物量. 相似文献