老龄垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机物在SAARB和MBR处理过程的转化特征

生物法是常用的垃圾渗滤液处理工艺,然而垃圾渗滤液中有机物组成极为复杂,在生物处理过程有机物被完全去除、新产生、减少、保留和增加的5种情形不明.本文采用了超高分辨质谱电喷雾电离傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱从分子层面研究老龄垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机物（DOM）分别在矿化垃圾床（SAARB）和膜生物反应器（MBR）处理过程的转化特征.结果表明,老龄垃圾渗滤液含有5000多个DOM分子式,主要由CHO、CHON、CHOS和CHONS类物质组成,分子组成十分复杂.经过SAARB和MBR处理后,出水中DOM数量分别小幅降低至4909和4864种,SAARB和MBR作为生物法对老龄垃圾渗滤液中有机物分子去除特性相似,被完全去除和减少的物质组成主要为生物可利用性较高的脂肪族类物质（H/C ≥ 1.5）、高度不饱和物质和酚类物质（0.50 ≥ AI,H/C<1.5）,这部分DOM表现出还原饱和的化学特性.新产生、保留和增加的部分物质主要是传统意义上指代的难降解有机物,其主要是高度不饱和物质和酚类物质（0.50 ≥ AI,H/C<1.5）以及芳香指数更高的多酚类物质（0.66 ≥ AI>0.50）,表现为氧化不饱和和还原不饱和的化学特性.本文揭示了老龄垃圾渗滤液在生物处理过程中DOM分子层面的转化特征,为老龄垃圾渗滤液在生物法高效处理提供理论参考.     

响应曲面法在反硝化生物滤池运行参数优化中的应用

为预测反硝化生物滤池深度处理城镇污水处理厂二沉池出水的脱氮效果,优化工艺运行参数,以黏土陶粒反硝化生物滤池作为反应器,以人工合成污水模拟污水处理厂二沉池出水,采用中心组合试验设计,利用响应曲面法研究反应器NO₃--N去除率与HRT(水力停留时间)、进水中ρ(COD_Cr)和ρ(NO₃--N)之间的关系. 统计结果显示,NO₃--N去除模型极显著(P<0.000 1),并且模型预测值与试验值能很好地吻合. 方差分析结果表明,HRT及其与进水中ρ(NO₃--N)和ρ(COD_Cr)的交互作用对反硝化滤池NO₃--N的去除率影响不显著(P>0.05),而进水中ρ(NO₃--N)和ρ(COD_Cr)及其交互作用对反硝化滤池NO₃--N的去除具有显著影响(P＜0.05). 3个因素对NO₃--N去除率影响强弱的顺序为进水ρ(COD_Cr)>进水ρ(NO₃--N)>HRT. 在HRT为2.50 h的条件下,当进水中ρ(NO₃--N)＜11.00 mg/L及ρ(COD_Cr)＞43.00 mg/L时,反硝化滤池NO₃--N的去除率可以达到71.0%以上.      

生物滤器处理海水养殖水过程中亚氮积累与影响因素

实验研究了竹环填料曝气生物滤器在处理高盐度、低氨氮负荷的海水养殖水体过程中NO2--N的积累现象,考察了进水有机负荷、NH4+-N负荷、温度、pH值和溶解氧等运行条件以及反硝化作用对NO2--N积累的影响.结果表明,在进水有机负荷为0.65~0.75kg/(m3·d)、NH4+-N负荷为0.058~0.077kg/(m3·d)、温度为20.9~22.2℃、pH值为7.50~8.14和溶解氧为7.43~9.73mg/L条件下,生物滤器内较低的溶解氧(0.91~1.36mg/L)是NO2--N积累的主要原因.同时,研究了反硝化过程中低溶解氧、不同碳氮比(C/N)及碳源类型等因素对NO2--N积累的影响,查明了生物滤器内含氮化合物的浓度变化与反硝化细菌的数量和功能,验证了反硝化过程对NO2--N积累的影响,明确了反硝化作用对NO2--N积累的促进作用.     

不同载体生物滤池对渗滤液污染物的处理效果

以陈垃圾和煤渣作为生物滤池反应器填料,分别构建了单一陈垃圾、煤渣以及复合该2种填料的生物反应器,对渗滤液中的污染物进行了去除效果实验.结果表明,煤渣生物滤池对于渗滤液中COD和氨氮的去除效果高于陈垃圾滤池,但是总氮的去除率低于陈垃圾.复合填料滤池对于负荷和低温变化具有较好的耐受能力.电镜观察和微生物计数结果表明,2种载体适合微生物挂膜生长.粒径分析结果表明,2种载体的颗粒粒径组成对于滤池通透性能以及污染物去除有重要影响.     

生物滤池处理城市污水工艺中恶臭和微生物气溶胶的填料选择简

采用实验室规模的生物滤池对含硫化氢、氨和微生物气溶胶的气体进行处理,并对海绵、陶粒、堆肥和空心塑料小球4种物质作为反应器填料的性能进行比较。结果表明,不同填料生物滤池对硫化氢、氨和微生物气溶胶的去除效率明显不同,去除效率从高到低的顺序依次为海绵、陶粒、堆肥和空心塑料小球生物滤池。海绵和陶粒生物滤池出气异养细菌和真菌主要以小粒径粒子为主。在同样的进气和运行条件下,堆肥填料层的压力降最大,其次是陶粒和空心塑料小球填料层,海绵填料层的压力降最小。对4种填料的性能进行综合比较,海绵和陶粒较适宜作为处理硫化氢、氨和微生物气溶胶的生物滤池填料。     

理生物滤池-活性污泥法处理生物质煤气废水的工程应用

将生物滤池与活性污泥池串联形成一个生化处理系统,生物质煤气洗涤废水经过预处理后,采用ASBRO和AO1O2两种联合工艺进行处理,着重考察了系统对生物质煤气洗涤废水CODCr、NH+4N的降低效果。采用ASBRO工艺,CODCr的去除率平均达到85.4%,NH+4N平均去除率为33.5%;采用AO1O2工艺,CODCr的去除率平均达到78.2%。NH+4N平均去除率为22.7%。     

Biodegradation of mixture of VOC''''s in a biofilter

IntroductionDeterioratingatmosphericairqualityhasresultinginmorestringentregulationsarebeingenforcedtocontrolairpollutants .Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)areamongthenewclassofaircontaminantsgeneratedfromavarietyofindustrialsources .Effortstocontroltheemis…     

Mathematical modeling of biofiltration in activated pine-bark charge of a biofilter

Aim, Scope and Background Human economic activities cause emissions of various pollutants of an organic nature: butanol, butyl acetate, methanol, formaldehyde, phenol, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. These compounds are emitted to atmosphere by various enterprises of food, chemistry, wood processing industries, from transportation means, agricultural enterprises, etc. Therefore, when purifying air from these pollutants, it is necessary to apply efficient and inexpensive air purification methods. In this dimension, the biological air purification is chosen from all possible air cleaning methods. An experimental biofilter with the activated charge of pine bark was developed at the Department of Environment Protection of the Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. In the course of the experimental investigation, it was determined that this air purification method is efficient. Filter efficiency, when purifying air of volatile organic compounds (butanol, butyl acetate and xylene), to a great extent, depending on the nature and concentrations (up to 100 mg/m3) of pollutants injected, might go up to 70-98%. The mathematical model of the biofilter was developed based on the research results and fully taking into consideration physical, chemical, and biological processes going on during its operations. Main Features The aim of this article is to determine biodegradation constant , absorption capacity , and half empiric expressions of filter efficiency. Knowing this, it is possible to find out the dependence of the filter efficiency on the operational parameters of the filter (i.e. on the concentrations and the height of biocharge of the initial pollutants (butanol, butyl acetate, xylene) fed through it). Conclusions With the help of mathematical modeling, the biodegradation constants and absorption capability of volatile organic compounds (butanol, butyl acetate, and xylene) fed into the biofilter charged with the activated pine bark and used for the cleaning of volatile organic compounds, as well as the efficiency of the biofilter in half empiric expression, have been established. It has been discovered that the constant of pollutant biodegradation is a value inverse to the time during which the amount of pollutants in the filter becomes times higher. It is rather complicated to carry out theoretical calculation of the biodegradation constant at a molecular level, therefore this constant has been established based on the results obtained in the course of research. The equations describing pollutant dynamics in the filter charge and the air cleaning processes going on in it have been derived from diffusion equations in a mobile medium. The modeling helped to find out the absorption capacity of the examined pollutants, which by its numeric value is equal to the volume unit of the absorbed gas amount. The latter factor, the same as the biodegradation constant, was determined basing on the experimental results. Mathematical modeling brought a range of formulas expressing dependences of each pollutant's efficiency on its initial concentrations and filter charge height. Recommendation /Outlook. Based on the experimental data, a mathematical model has been developed which will allow the measuring of the filter efficiency not only with regard to the absorption and biodegradation of the pollutants under examination, but also with regard to other pollutants and their compounds, etc., having an impact on the filter performance. The results of the mathematical modeling have revealed that the modeling of processes going on in the filter is much simpler than isthe performance of long and costly experiments. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to measure the filter efficiency at the present moment.     

Performance of rotating drum biofilter for volatile organic compound removal at high organic loading rates

Uneven distribution of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） and biomass, and excess biomass accumulation in some biofilters hinder the application of biofiltration technology. An innovative multilayer rotating drum biofilter （RDB） was developed to correct these problems. The RDB was operated at an empty bed contact time （EBCT） of 30 s and a rotational rate of 1.0 r/min. Diethyl ether was chosen as the model VOC. Performance of the RDB was evaluated at organic loading rates of 32,1, 64.2, 128, and 256 g ether/（m^3·h） （16.06 g ether/（m^3·h） ≈ 1.0 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（m^3·d））. The EBCT and organic loading rates were recorded on the basis of the medium volume. Results show that the ether removal efficiency decreased with an increased VOC loading rate. Ether removal efficiencies exceeding 99% were achieved without biomass control even at a high VOC loading rate of 128 g ether/（m^3·h）. However, when the VOC loading rate was increased to 256 g ether/（m^3·h）, the average removal efficiency dropped to 43%. Nutrient limitation possibly contributed to the drop in ether removal efficiency. High biomass accumulation rate was also observed in the medium at the two higher ether loading rates, and removal of the excess biomass in the media was necessary to maintain stable performance. This work showed that the RDB is effective in the removal of diethyl ether from waste gas streams even at high organic loading rates. The results might help establish criteria for designing and operating RDBs.     

A New Type Synthetic Filter Material for Biofilter: Preparation and its Characteristic Analysis

In this study, a new type poly(vinyl alcohol)/peat composite bead is prepared and is shown suitable as a filter material for biofiltration. The optimal preparation condition is with the peat size of 16–35 mesh, the ratio of water to peat of 40g water/10 peat and the immersion time in the phosphate solution of 30min. The composite bead prepared by this process is a porous spherical particle with a density of 0.692 g/cm³. It contains phosphor and nitrogen nutrient are 2.91mg P/g dry solid and 3.25mg N/g dry solid, respectively. The diameter of composite bead is between 2.4 and 6.0mm and the average diameter is about 4.0mm. The equilibrium moisture content of the bead from adsorption and holding experiments are 50.5 and 66.8% on a wet basis, respectively, corresponding to the optimal filter material required and is sufficient to sustain biological activity as the bead adsorbs equilibrium moisture. The composite bead has higher moisture holding capacity and the compression strength than the pig manure compost filter material. The composite bead has buffer capacity and could maintain the filter bed at pH = 6.9–7.2 during the operation period. The percentage of removed ethyl acetate could stay at over 99% for 33 days operation while the composite bead adsorbed inorganic nitrate nutrient.