社会化危化品应急救援队伍建设和服务模式探索

当前我国危化品行业事故频发,特别是危险源高度聚集的化工园区,风险因素的复杂性和事故后果的不确定性要求更高标准的应急救援力量为园区提供保障。提出了“企办政助”的社会化应急救援队伍建设模式,以大亚湾石化应急管理公司为实践主体,对危化品应急救援队伍建设机制和装备配备分析阐述,并对有偿性应急救援服务的开展进行了探索,初步形成了危化品“队伍培训-应急救援-有偿服务”的业务模式,为各级安全监管部门制定应急相关政策和标准提供了实践支持,亦对其他危化品应急救援队伍建设和培训有一定的借鉴参考价值。     

中国居民生活碳排放的区域差异及影响因素分析

论文在总结划分居民生活碳排放（HCEs）类别的基础上,以中国HCEs量为测度指标,从时间和空间两个角度对1997-2012年人均HCEs进行分析,同时对2012年人均HCEs的空间格局分布及影响因素进行分析。基本结论如下：根据划分方法,HCEs按照碳排放源可分为直接和间接碳排放;按照基本生活需求可分为基本和发展碳排放;按照人类消费行为可分为交通、居住、食品、商品及服务碳排放五大类。从时间尺度来看,中国各类别人均HCEs均呈现逐年上升趋势。从空间差异来看,1997-2012年,我国各省人均HCEs表现出共同的空间分布特征。从空间格局分布来看,2012年中国人均居民生活碳排放呈现从东到西递减的趋势。从空间计量模型角度看,2012年,人均居民生活基本碳排放比重是影响人均HCEs空间差异的主要驱动因子。此外,各地区人均收入和人均GDP的差异也对人均HCEs的空间差异起到正相关作用。基于对中国人均HCEs的时空格局及影响因素分析,为我国制定碳减排举措提供科学依据并提出有效建议。     

基于社交媒体建构的旅游演艺品牌符号研究--以《长恨歌》为例

运用内容分析法对《长恨歌》社交媒体的营销话语进行了梳理,并基于皮尔斯符号三元论,探究了旅游演艺在社交媒体平台中的品牌符号建构模式。结果发现:建构过程主要分为表征、传播和感知3个阶段,《长恨歌》品牌符号表征可划分为历史文化、知识信息、价值感知、环境服务和互动仪式5大主题,传播呈现时间同步性和空间异质性规律,旅游演艺品牌符号在激发受众多维感知的过程中,塑造出《长恨歌》深入人心、历久弥新的品牌形象,为社交媒体语境下旅游演艺品牌营销带来启示。     

Extraction,isolation, and identification of various environment friendly components from cock's comb (Celosia argentea) leaves for allelopathic potential

In this study, the aqueous extract of leaves of the plant cock's comb (Celosia argentea) was fractioned into five batches using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the methanol re-dissolved residues of 3 polar fractions, including dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol separately which exhibited altogether 12 compounds identified as 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric acid), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, m-coumaric acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, m-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, pyrogallol, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and genetic acid was categorized by retention time using known compounds. Similarly, the mass confirmation of most of the identified compounds was achieved by injecting 20 µl of composite sample of these three polar fractions into liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Similarly, the physiochemical analysis of C. argentea aqueous extract showed the presence of various constituents such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides. All four organic fractions were examined for phytotoxicity against Lepidium sativum. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among these fractions against germination and growth of L. sativum. Further allelopathic effects appeared to be concentration dependent. Thus, C. argentea may prove effective as a substitute of herbicides to control the weeds like L. sativum from attacking crops and to protect the environment from the health hazard effects of herbicides.     

Higher education level teaching of (master’s) programmes in sustainable development: analysis of views on prerequisites and practices based on a worldwide survey

The concept of sustainable development (SD) has highly been debated since it was presented 25 years ago, with ‘hard science’ approaches on one side and more process-oriented approaches on the other side. Academic teaching in SD has emerged in response to this in very different contexts, partly mirroring this academic debate. Some master’s programmes in SD take a strong science approach, while other programmes focus on the process of implementing sustainability projects, sometimes connected with forms of action research and teaching. In this article, we identify diverse views on the concept of SD as well as views on most relevant modes of teaching. We discuss core competencies required for sustainability professionals in their working practices and we organise them in three main clusters: Know, Interact and Be (KIB). The article presents the results of a worldwide survey, which addresses these visions on the concept of SD, the capabilities needed for ‘sustainable development professionals’ and the teaching approach needed. The analysis is based on the responses of 54 lecturers and 287 students active in 34 SD master’s programmes on all continents. The results of this worldwide survey are discussed. We observe in practice some gaps between preferences and practice. Looking at what both lecturers and students see as essential topics to address, some topics get relatively less attention (like the population issue). The identified core competencies (KIB) are supported and all addressed in practice, while the ‘Be’ competencies receive relatively less attention. Suggested consequences for academic teaching include a further matching of programmes with perceived needs and bridging the gap between the experienced teaching approaches in practice with such identified needs.     

挥发性化合物的分子结构对水-气界面传质的作用

利用能精确捕获水自由液面的VOF (Volume of fluid,体积百分比)法,建立挥发性化合物在无化学反应条件下的耦合扩散时空模型. 用W*(分子拓扑指数)表征化合物分子结构,将化合物传质系数——Schmid数与W*进行关联,结合亨利常数、Schmidt数与W*的关联式,预测乙醇、苯、己醛与2,2,4-三甲基戊点源泄漏后的质量浓度时空分布,预测结果与试验吻合较好. 烷基苯、醇、醛、烃类化合物的Schmidt数与W*0.25成线性关系. Schmidt数随分子间距减小而增大,烷基苯、醇、醛、烃类化合物在水中的Schmidt数约为空气中的600倍以上. 相同W*的化合物,Schmidt数随分子量增加而增大. 泄漏初期,亨利常数的作用高于Schmidt数,挥发强度随亨利常数的增加而增大,水中乙醇峰值浓度下降的平均速率仅是苯的45.1%;泄漏后期,Schmidt数起主要作用,挥发强度随Schmidt数减少而增大,苯的峰值浓度下降平均速率降低,乙醇峰值浓度下降平均速率比苯高120.0%. 己醛的W*是2,2,4-三甲基戊的16.27倍,但二者的亨利常数和Schmidt数很接近,挥发迁移过程极其相似.      

Use of data on avian demographics and site persistence during overwintering to assess quality of restored riparian habitat

Monitoring responses by birds to restoration of riparian vegetation is relatively cost-effective, but in most assessments species-specific abundances, not demography, are monitored. Data on birds collected during the nonbreeding season are particularly lacking. We captured birds in mist nets and resighted banded birds to estimate species richness and diversity, abundance, demographic indexes, and site-level persistence of permanent-resident and overwintering migrants in remnant and restored riparian sites in California. Species richness in riparian remnants was significantly higher than in restored sites because abundances of uncommon permanent residents were greater in remnants. Species richness of overwintering migrants did not differ between remnants and restored sites. Responses among overwintering migrants (but not permanent residents) to remnant and restored riparian sites differed. Capture rates were higher in remnant or restored riparian sites for 7 of 10 overwintering migratory species. For Lincoln's Sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii) and White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) proportions of older birds were significantly higher in remnants, even though capture rates of these species were higher in restored sites. Overwinter persistence of 4 migrant species was significantly higher in remnant than in restored sites. A higher proportion of Hermit Thrushes (Catharus guttatus, 56.3%), older Fox Sparrows (Passerella iliaca, 57.1%), Lincoln's Sparrows (59.7%), and White-crowned Sparrows (67.8%) persisted in remnants than restored sites. Our results suggest restored riparian sites provide habitat for a wide variety of species in comparable abundances and diversity as occurs in remnant riparian sites. Our demographic and persistence data showed that remnants supported some species and age classes to a greater extent than restored sites.     

几种焦化废水深度处理技术的比较

分别采用Fenton试剂氧化法、固定床离子交换树脂吸附法和流化床磁性树脂吸附法对某焦化厂焦化废水生化工艺出水进行深度处理.试验结果表明:Fenton试剂氧化法处理后出水COD去除率最高达75.4％,色度去除率达89.1％;固定床离子交换树脂吸附法COD去除率为49.4％,色度去除率为96.5％;流化床磁性树脂吸附法COD去除率为58.2％,色度去除率为90.2％.Fenton试剂氧化法COD去除率较高,固定床离子交换树脂吸附法和流化床磁性树脂吸附法色度去除率较高.综合考虑,Fenton试剂氧化法具有更高的工程应用价值.     

Fenton试剂氧化—SBR工艺处理阿莫西林制药废水生化处理出水

采用Fenton试剂氧化—SBR工艺处理阿莫西林制药废水生化处理出水。实验结果表明:当初始废水pH为3.0、H2O2加入量为10 mL/L、V(H2O2):m(FeSO4.7H2O)为5(mL):1(g)、Fenton试剂氧化反应时间为3 h时,Fenton试剂氧化COD去除率达72.25%,色度由100倍降为2倍,BOD5/COD由0.06提高到0.38,可生化性显著提高。经Fenton试剂氧化—SBR工艺处理后,出水COD为72.7 mg/L,达到国家排放标准。     

Using a model selection criterion to identify appropriate complexity in aquatic biogeochemical models

Aquatic biogeochemical models are widely used as tools for understanding aquatic ecosystems and predicting their response to various stimuli (e.g., nutrient loading, toxic substances, climate change). Due to the complexity of these systems, such models are often elaborate and include a large number of estimated parameters. However, correspondingly large data sets are rarely available for calibration purposes, leading to models that may be overfit and possess reduced predictive capabilities. We apply, for the first time, information-theoretic model-selection techniques to a set of spatially explicit (1D) algal dynamics models of varying parameter dimension. We demonstrate that increases in complexity tend to produce a better model fit to calibration data, but beyond a certain degree of complexity the benefits of adding parameters are diminished (the risk of overfitting becomes greater). The particular approach taken here is computationally expensive, but several suggestions are made as to how multimodel methods may practically be extended to more sophisticated models.