云南省土壤污染状况调查中土壤样品制备

主要介绍了土壤采集后的混合样品和单独样品制备过程，并根据不同的分析项目采用不同粒径的过筛样品。统一规范操作，确保数据的准确性和可比性。     

离子色谱法测定水中无机阴离子水样的预处理

本文介绍了用离子色谱法测定无机阴离子，对污染严重的水样通常采用预处理柱法。论述了预处理柱的制备、再生，测定了预处理柱对重金属及有机物的去除率及无机阴离子的回收率。     

浅谈化验室采样过程中的HSE管理

简要分析化验室采样过程中存在的问题，并就如何对石化化验室采样过程实行HSE管理提出一些具体的管理办法。     

基于随机样本的BP模型在水质评价中的应用

运用BP(误差反向传播)模型对水环境质量进行综合评价,主要针对以前BP模型在水质评价中存在的学习训练样本过少,没有检验样本等问题,用随机数发生器在每个级别范围内产生大量的数据作为训练样本和检验样本,并尝试以MSE函数生成均方误差作为检验样本的输出值与期望输出值的比较,检验网络评价未知样本的能力,大大提高了神经网络评价水质时的精度。     

Preconcentration technique for the determination of trace elements in natural water samples by ICP-AES

A procedure was developed for the determination of Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb and Mo in water samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after preconcentration on a morpholine dithiocarbamate (mor-DTC) supported by bagasse (Saccharam aphisinaram). The sorbed elements were subsequently eluted with 4,M HNO₃ and the acid eluates were analysed by ICP–AES. The influence of various parameters such as pH, flow rate of sample, eluent concentration, volume of the sample and volume of eluent were investigated to enhance the sensitivity of the present method. A 20,mL disposable syringe served as preconcentration column. Under the optimal conditions Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb and Mo in aqueous sample was concentrated about 100-fold. The sorption recoveries of elements were higher than 99.6%. The method is also applied for the analysis of natural and spiked water samples.     

CL-5209微色谱柱分离富集光度法测定环境样品中微量铀

研究了ＣＬ５２０９萃淋树酯微色谱柱柱性能以及对铀和主要伴生元素的分离富集情况。结果表明,在１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硝酸介质中,除铀（Ⅵ）、钍（Ⅳ）、金（Ⅲ）和少量稀土元素能被ＣＬ５２０９萃淋树酯吸附外,其它常见共存元素不被吸附。用５ｍｌ１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＮＯ３可以安全淋洗除去钍和少量稀土,再用１４ｍｌ混合掩蔽剂可以完全解析铀,结合以在溴代十六烷基吡啶存在下５Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ显色,能快速准确地测定环境样品中ｐｐｂ级铀     

环境监测技术竞赛方案设计

技术竞赛是促进监测水平提高的好方法,经过多次技术竞赛活动,制定出一套较科学适用的实施方案,基础理论采用笔试,样品测试采用尤登双样图。并设计出程序文件和测试样品配制方法,实际应用效果良好。     

A Comparison of the Precipitation Chemistry Measurements Obtained by the CAPMoN and NADP/NTN Networks

Precipitation chemistry measurementsobtained by the Canadian Air and PrecipitationMonitoring Network (CAPMoN) and the U.S. NationalAtmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network(NADP/NTN) have been examined using more than 7 yrof collocated data from two sites, namely, Sutton,Quebec, Canada and State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.In the case of the CAPMoN data, weeklyprecipitation-weighted mean concentrations, totalsample depths and total standard gauge depths werecomputed from daily data and compared to thecorresponding weekly sampling data of the NADP/NTNnetwork. Seasonal and annual precipitation-weightedmean concentrations and deposition values were alsocomputed for both networks and compared. Statisticallysignificant between-network biases were found to existin the weekly results for most of the measuredvariables, particularly standard gauge depth, sampledepth, pH, H⁺, NO₃^-,NH₄⁺,Na⁺; the NADP/NTN values were consistently lowerthan those of CAPMoN with the exception of pH andNa⁺. The magnitude of the biases was less than35% of the median CAPMoN weekly value for the 7 yr. For most of the measured parameters, thevariability of the between-network differencesrepresented less than 20% of the median CAPMoN weeklyvalue. Both the between-network biases andvariabilities were functions of several physicalparameters, the most dominant being the sample depthand the ionic concentration. For seasonal and annualdeposition values, statistically significantbetween-network biases were found for H⁺,SO₄^2-, NO₃^-,Ca²⁺,NH₄⁺ for both periods; for Mg²⁺ andK⁺ for seasonal data; and Cl^- for yearlydata, with the NADP/NTN deposition values being lowerthan those of CAPMoN. The relative biases ranged from7 to 37%. Part of the between-network bias in thedeposition estimates was directly attributable to astrong bias in the standard gauge depths of the two networks.     

分散液液微萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中的痕量镉

建立了分散液液微萃取分离富集一石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中痕量镉的新方法。以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠为螯合剂、四氯化碳为萃取剂、丙酮为分散剂,详细考察YpH值、螯合剂质量分数、萃取剂体积、萃取时间等因素的影响。在优化的实验条件下,方法对水样中镉的检出限为4．2ng-L^-1,线性范围是20-300ng-L^-1,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3．5％,富集倍数达103。将建立的方法应用于三种实际环境水样中镉的检测,加标回收率在92％-108％范围内。本方法具有灵敏、准确、快速、环保的特点,是一种分析水样中痕量镉的较好方法。     

Selective and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric determination of micro amounts of palladium(II) in spiked samples: using a new reagent N-ethyl-3-carbazolecarbaxaledehydethiosemicarbazone

N-Ethyl-3-cabazolecarboxaldehydethiosemicarbazone (ECCT) is proposed as a new, sensitive and selective complexing reagent for the separation and extractive spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) at pH: 4.0 to form a yellowish orange colored 1:1 chelate complex, which is very well extracted in to n-butanol. The absorbance was measured at a maximum wavelength, 410 nm. This method obeys Beer’s law in the concentration range 0.0–6.6 μg mL⁻¹ and the correlation coefficient of Pd(II)-ECCT complex is 0.998, which indicates an excellent linearity between the two variables with good molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity, 1.647 × 10⁴ l mol⁻¹cm⁻¹, 6.49 × 10⁻³ μg cm⁻², respectively. The instability constant of complex calculated from Edmond’s method, 2.724 × 10⁻⁵ was in good agreement with the value calculated from Asmus’ method 2.624 × 10⁻⁵, at room temperature. The precision and accuracy of the method is checked with calculation of relative standard deviation (n = 5), 0.839. Edmond’s method was observed to be a more selective method in the presence of EDTA, oxalate and phosphate ions. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Pd(II) in water samples, synthetic mixtures and hydrogenation catalysts, employing an atomic absorption spectrometer for comparing these results.