转锥式生物质热解装置中热载体加热方案选择与设计

根据转锥式生物质热解装置中对加热设备的要求,先后分别选择和设计了三种不同的加热方案,在实际应用中逐步了解每套加热设备的优缺点,为加热设备的改进和该项技术的应用推广奠定坚实的基础.     

矿井用箱体防爆面加工安全技术研究

箱体零件是矿井机械中重要的基础零件。它的加工质量直接关系矿井设备的寿命、机器的性能和安全性。针对煤矿井下煤尘和瓦斯存在的环境特性、煤矿井用箱体防爆面加工的特殊要求,采用控制理论的信息流图,对工艺过程中传统方块图进行简化,使繁杂的方块图解采用信息流图表示工艺过程的工序(变量)之间关系。进而讨论箱体零件加工工艺过程误差转换模型、形状精度特征、传递图、描述方程、误差转换结构图;提出防爆面磨削工艺系统的数学模型;求解出振动特性、幅值和相位,得出了形状误差与工艺参数的关系曲线。实践证明,合理选择磨削参数,能够保证煤矿井下工作机械具有高的防爆性能,达到矿井安全生产的技术要求。     

Transfer of powders into flammable solvents overview of explosion hazards and preventive measures

This paper evaluates and analyses the explosion hazards associated with transfer operations of powders into large containers, hoppers and reactors, which may also contain flammable solvent vapours. The formation and characteristics of explosive atmospheres and the occurrence of process inherent ignition sources, such as static electricity are described. The most commonly applied preventive measures and technical equipment are outlined and discussed including their advantages and disadvantages.     

巨灾债券与政府灾害救助

发生概率小而损失巨大的巨灾无疑对国民经济有着重要的影响。我国幅员辽阔，尽管每年灾害的性质和发生地点不同，但是损失总量和政府救灾的支付总量却是一个稳定的大数，然而依然不能满足救灾与恢复生产的需要。借鉴经济发达国家保险业的巨灾债券，首次提出在政府救灾中引入市场机制——发行政府巨灾债券。这对于投资者是收益高的风险投资，对于政府可以减轻公共财政负担，而对于受灾地区则可以获得更多的资金支援，加快恢复生产，保证经济增长的稳定性。     

船舶移油作业操作性污染的防止措施

比照国内外在船舶移油作业管理上的差异 ,找出造成操作性污染的原因 ,提出防止措施。     

Evaluation of Mass-Transfer Coefficient of Free Fall – Cascade-Aerator

The mass-transfer coefficient of a free-fall cascade-aeratorunit of 15 million litres per day was evaluated for its efficiency in the removal of a class of volatile organics, the trihalomethanes(THMs). These compounds are carcinogenic and occur as a resultof chlorination of natural waters. Due to the volatile nature ofthe THMs, the efficiency of aeration as a potential techniquefor their removal has been studied. The principle behindaeration is gas-transfer, according to which the gas-liquidinterface is hypothesized to consist of a gas and liquid filmthrough which gas is transferred by molecular diffusion untilequilibrium is attained. The overall mass transfer coefficient(K _L) of the aerator considering oxygen as the reference compound, was found to be29.3 hr^-1 for THMs.     

石墨烯/血红素仿生涂层促进电活性微生物产电的效应和机理研究

阳极输出效率是决定生物电化学系统(BESs)能否实现工程化应用的基础和关键.但微生物/阳极界面的低效电子传递阻碍了 BESs整体输出效率的进一步提升.本研究通过模拟细胞色素c构建了一种石墨烯/血红素(GN/Hemin)复合仿生材料修饰的高性能BESs阳极.通过监测电活性菌ShewanellaloihicaPV-4的电能...     

“两控区”内燃煤火电厂烟气脱硫成本的转移

运用环境经济学、环境法学方面的知识研究了如何解决“两控区”内燃煤火电厂的烟气脱硫成本问题．结果表明,只要电能消费者消费了酸雨和SO₂污染控制区内燃煤火电厂的火电,就应最终承担燃煤火电厂的烟气脱硫成本电能消费者的负担标准为火电厂依靠经济上可实现的最佳可得控制技术生产单位电能所耗费的平均脱硫成本费用;烟气脱硫成本转移的最佳时间和方式为电网经营者把平均脱硫成本分摊给电能消费者,收取电费后再补贴给火电厂．     

整装反应器无反应条件下的传热

研究整装反应器在反应点火之前的传热行为以及反应器参数对基体热响应的影响。建立了起燃阶段反应器的传热模型,通过数值计算,分析和讨论了固相轴向热传导性能及各种设计参数对基体热响应的影响。比较了基体采用金属体或陶瓷体时热响应的不同。结果表明,当无量纲导热系数∧＜1时,固相轴向导热性能对基体热响应无明显影响,金属体具有好的热响应性能,参数分析有助于反应器的设计和建模。     

Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage: 2. Applications of numerical simulation

Acid mine drainage (AMD) results from the oxidation of sulfides, mainly pyrite, present in mine wastes, either mill tailings or waste rock. This is the second of two papers describing the coupled physical processes taking place in waste rock piles undergoing AMD production. Since the oxidation of pyrite involves the consumption of oxygen and the production of heat, the oxidation process initiates coupled processes of gas transfer by diffusion and convection as well as heat transfer. These processes influence the supply of oxygen that is required to sustain the oxidation process. This second paper describes a numerical simulator used to represent the interaction of these coupled transfer processes. Numerical simulations are applied to two large sites with extensive characterization programs and widely different properties and behavior that were described in the first paper. The South Dump of the Doyon mine in Canada is permeable and has a high pyrite oxidation rate, thus making temperature-driven air convection the main oxygen supply mechanism. The Nordhalde of the Ronnenberg mining district in Germany contains lower permeability material which is less reactive, thus leading to a more balanced contribution of gaseous diffusion and convection as oxygen supply mechanisms. Overall, simulations allow a coherent representation of the conditions monitored within the waste rock piles and the confirmation of their physical properties. Conceptual simulations are also carried out to illustrate the potential effect of border membranes and layered co-mingling as mitigation methods used to control AMD production in either active or future waste rock piles.