Al（Ⅲ）溶液的水解─沉淀特性研究─—磷酸根的作用

采用连续碱滴定方法和Ｘ射线衍射及红外光谱分析，研究了在Ａｌ（Ⅲ）－磷酸根溶液体系中Ａｌ（Ⅲ）的水解－沉淀特性，结果表明，当Ｐ／Ａｌ＞０．０５时，磷酸根对Ａｌ（Ⅲ）的水解－成核－沉淀过程有显的促进作用，描述了磷酸根作用的动力学机理。     

估算放射性核素在近海底泥中沉积量的近似方法

放射性核素在近海底泥中的分布规律研究是探讨沿海核设施及核电站低放废液排入附近海域后对环境影响的一个重要方面。由于实际海域条件的复杂性，如何估算放射性核素在底泥中的含量是一个至今没有搞清的课题，应用一种保守简单有效的估算方法，以一个简化实例探讨了该方法的应用。     

沉淀—树脂吸附法处理对氨基偶氮苯盐酸盐生产废水的研究

对氨基偶氮苯盐酸盐（ＰＡＢＳ）是生产染料的重要中间体。在ＰＡＢＳ生产过程中，排放出高浓度（ＣＯＤ４万～８万ｍｇ／Ｌ）、高色度（４万～８万）、高毒性（含苯胺和对氨基偶氮苯）和高氯（Ｃｌ－４万～１０万ｍｇ／Ｌ）的废水。利用中和沉淀—大孔吸附树脂吸附法进行了处理工艺的小试研究。结果表明，废水色度去除率达到９９９％，降到２０以下；出水中基本不含对氨基偶氮苯（ＰＡＢ）；出水中苯胺的浓度降到３ｍｇ／Ｌ。ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析的结果表明，乙醇脱附液中苯胺是最主要的有机物，所以利用该工艺能实现苯胺的回收。     

底泥盐分释放对北塘水库水质成化的影响

为研究南水北调通水后,水源改变及水库调度对底泥盐分释放的影响,2005年7月,取0～60cm深度的北塘水库原状底泥样品,在实验室内模拟分析不同底泥含盐量、不同蓄水水质及水位变动和扰动条件下底泥氯化物释放规律。结果表明,底泥中Cl~-含量为0.043%,释放强度为0.12g/m~2·d,Cl~-含量越高,释放强度越大。在底泥含盐量相同的条件下,蓄去离子水的底泥Cl~-释放强度是蓄水库水的1.87倍。扰动状态下,底泥中的Cl~-有5.0%～9.5%释放出来,高于静止状态的3.2%～5.6%。水库运行水位发生变化,将影响底泥盐分的释放。1.0m水深条件下Cl~-的释放量是1.5m水深的5.8倍。水库四周地下水中Cl~-浓度为8.0×10~3～4.2×10~4mg/L,远高于目前水库水的Cl~-浓度。因此,一定要避免水库在低于设计低水位和周边地下水水位的条件下运行,防止底泥盐分释放及地下水反向补给造成水库水质的成化。     

Annual and Diurnal Wind Patterns in the City of São Paulo

The major topographic, mesoscale, and urban influences on the wind patterns of the City of São Paulo are characterized using one year of surface wind velocity data observed at 11 surface stations within its urban limits. The data was used to study the diurnal and annual variations of wind velocity and horizontal wind divergence within the city. Results showed that the circulation over the investigated area is dominated by three major factors: sea breeze; mountain-valley circulations; and urban effects, such as roughness, building-barrier, and urban heat island. The sea breeze was found to be the dominant feature of the monthly-averaged diurnal variation of São Paulo surface winds during the eight warmest months of the year. The sea breeze front induces a velocity minimum at the time of its passage and a post-frontal afternoon velocity maximum. Mountain-valley thermal effects on the flow can be seen in the temporal divergence/convergence patterns. These thermal effects tend to be more important during colder months, at night, and when the wind velocities are low. Nighttime downslope convergent flows are present over the city during winter and spring and daytime upslope divergent flows are present over the city during summer months.     

青海省盐湖卤虫资源的开发与保护--以尕海湖为例

通过在青海省的实地考察和对尕海湖周边植被的调查，总结出造成青海省尕海湖卤虫产量减少的影响因素，得出防治对策，并对若干卤虫开发利用的问题进行了讨论，为青海省卤虫资源的保护与开发提供参考。     

电力系统的污闪问题及防护

重点介绍了有关防污闪机理,深入研究并探讨了四种防污闪的常用技术和方法,分析了绝缘子从积污、湿润到闪络的详细过程,并通过附盐密度法绘制了盐密与闪络电压的关系,为防污闪工作提供理论指导。     

基于GIS技术的海塘防洪减灾信息系统

海塘工程的规划、设计、建设、维护和管理,对沿海省份经济发展和人民生命财产的安全十分重要,历来受到政府和沿海居民的高度重视.介绍了基于GIS技术的海塘防洪减灾信息系统的主要功能及逻辑结构,分析了海塘数据库的特点,详细讨论了海塘属性和空间数据库的建库内容及方法.最后通过应用实例,验证了系统技术路线的合理性、正确性和实用性.     

The Water Fluxes of the Yellow River to the Sea in the Past 50 Years, in Response to Climate Change and Human Activities

Since the 1970s, the water fluxes to the sea of the Yellow River have declined significantly. Based on data of precipitation, air temperature, the measured and “natural” river flow, the water diversion and consumption, and the areas of erosion and sediment control measures over the drainage basin, water fluxes to the sea of the Yellow River are studied in relation with the influences of changing climate and human activities. The Yellow River basin can be divided into different water source areas; multiple regression indicates that the variation in precipitation over different water source areas has different effect on water fluxes to the sea. In the period between 1970 and 1997, averaged air temperature over the whole Yellow River increased by about 1.0°C, from 16.5°C to 17.5°C, a factor that is negatively correlated with the water yield of the Yellow River. Water diversion and consumption has sharply increased and resulted in a significant decline in the water fluxes to the sea. Since the 1960s, erosion and sediment control measures have been practiced over the drainage basin. This factor, to a lesser degree, is also responsible for the decrease in water fluxes to the sea. A multiple regression equation has been established to estimate the change in water fluxes to the sea caused by the changes in precipitation, air temperature, water diversion and consumption, erosion, and sediment control measures, indicating that the contribution of water diversion and consumption to the variation in annual water flux to the sea is 41.3%, that of precipitation is 40.8%, that of temperature is 11.4%, and that of erosion and sediment control measures is 6.5%.     

三种强度准则的盐穴应力弹塑性解及参数敏感性分析

为了更安全地建造地下盐穴储气库，采用Hoek-Brown(H-B)，Mohr-Coulomb(M-C)及Drucker-Prager(D-P)3种强度准则，推导了在内压作用下盐穴的塑性区应力解及塑性半径，讨论了各准则对塑性区半径的影响规律及各准则参数的估计方法。分别运用单因素分析法及多因素分析法，分析了塑性半径对H-B准则参数的敏感性。研究结果表明:同等条件下，H-B准则受岩性、造腔等因素影响时，微小内压的波动使得塑性半径的变化更剧烈，岩体质量较差时更显著。盐穴塑性应力与M-C，D-P相比偏小，更接近实际工程状况。围岩塑性半径受H-B准则参数影响程度的大小依次为:GSI，mi，σci，D。各参数的互相关性对结果影响不大。其中，H-B准则参数GSI，mi，σci的增大会使塑性半径减小，参数D的增大使得塑性区半径增大。研究成果可为合理选择盐穴储库硐室的力学模型及优化参数提供参考价值。