SBR法短程反硝化动力学分析研究

实验室中采用SBR反应器,研究短程硝化反硝化工艺的影响因素,通过实验数据对SBR短程硝化反硝化工艺的反硝化动力学方程参数进行确定,通过维持SBR反应器内的水温,控制溶解氧浓度和氨氮浓度等反应条件,分析实验数据,最后推导出短程反硝化动力学方程式.实验中,由于反应起始和反应过程中COD和NO2--N浓度远大于饱和常数,所以短程反硝化反应近似于零级反应,亚硝酸盐氮和有机物浓度对反硝化速率影响很小,反硝化速率仅是温度和pH值的函数.     

紫色土硝化势和氨氧化微生物群落对化肥和有机肥配施生物炭的响应

研究有机肥和化肥配施生物炭对紫色土硝化势和氨氧化微生物变化特征的影响,探明施肥措施和土壤环境因子对硝化势和氨氧化微生物的影响.以紫色土为研究对象,设置不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(F)、单施有机肥(P)、化肥配施生物炭(FP)和有机肥配施生物炭(PP)共5个处理.采取PCR和T-RFLP方法研究土壤AOA和AOB群落特征,同时测定土壤硝化势及环境因子,明确有机肥配施生物炭对紫色土硝化潜势的影响.结果表明：(1)与CK处理相比,FP和PP处理显著增加土壤硝化势(P<0.05).(2)与CK处理相比,F、 P、 FP和PP处理显著增加土壤AOA amoA基因拷贝数78.17%～162.22%(P<0.05),F、 FP和PP处理显著增加AOB amoA基因拷贝数21.56%～78.32%(P<0.05).(3)与CK处理相比,PP处理显著提高土壤AOA群落的Shannon指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数(P<0.05),而配施生物炭(FP和PP处理)能改变土壤AOB的群落结构.(4)化肥和有机肥通过改变pH、 TP、 AP、 C/N、 SOM、 NO^-...     

Differences in soil nitrification and denitrification capacities following reclamation years of native desert soils to irrigated croplands in Hexi Corridor Region of Northwest China北大核心CSCD

Nitrogen (N) loss in irrigated croplands from coupled nitrification and denitrification shows considerable differences due to differences in soil properties and agricultural management practices. Previous research has demonstrated that soil physicochemical properties strongly affect nitrification and denitrification capacities of cropland soils. However, existing research on soil nitrification and denitrification following the conversion of native desert soils to irrigated croplands lacks long-term tracking and monitoring capabilities. Therefore, six types of reclamation years of irrigated croplands and uncultivated sandy land in the Hexi Corridor marginal oasis in northwestern China were selected for study, and the differences in soil nitrification and denitrification rates and physicochemical properties were studied over 42 sites in the desert-oasis ecotone derived from seven reclamation sequences, including the years of 0, 15, 30, 50, 80, 100, and 150. The results showed that the nitrification and denitrification rates of soil first increased and then decreased with the increase in reclamation years. The highest soil nitrification rate and denitrification rate were observed at 80 years of cultivation (101.4 μg g-1 d-1) and 100 years of cultivation (0.93 μg g-1 d-1), respectively. In addition, the soil nitrification and denitrification rates in the natural sandy land were significantly lower than those in the cultivated croplands (P < 0.05). There were significant correlations among soil nutrients, soil moisture, and soil particle size composition between the nitrification and denitrification rates (P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that environmental variables accounted for 69.7% and 75.7% of the variation in nitrification and denitrification rates, respectively. Among them, organic matter content, pH, soil moisture, and NH4+-N content were the key factors affecting the change in soil denitrification rate, while organic matter content, NO3--N, pH, and clay content were the key factors affecting the change in soil denitrification rate. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Removal of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim from reclaimed water and the biodegradation mechanism

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) are two critical sulfonamide antibiotics with enhanced persistency that are commonly found in wastewater treatment plants. Recently, more scholars have showed interests in how SMX and TMP antibiotics are biodegraded, which is seldom reported previously. Novel artificial composite soil treatment systems were designed to allow biodegradation to effectively remove adsorbed SMX and TMP from the surface of clay ceramsites. A synergy between sorption and biodegradation improves the removal of SMX and TMP. One highly efficient SMX and TMP degrading bacteria strain, Bacillus subtilis, was isolated from column reactors. In the removal process, this bacteria degrade SMX and TMP to NH ₄ ⁺ , and then further convert NH ₄ ⁺ to NO ₃ ^– in a continuous process. Microbial adaptation time was longer for SMX degradation than for TMP, and SMX was also able to be degraded in aerobic conditions. Importantly, the artificial composite soil treatment system is suitable for application in practical engineering.

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Sludge fermentation liquid addition attained advanced nitrogen removal in low C/N ratio municipal wastewater through short-cut nitrification-denitrification and partial anammox

• Sludge fermentation liquid addition resulted in a high NAR of 97.4%. • Extra NH₄⁺-N from SFL was removed by anammox in anoxic phase. • Nitrogen removal efficiency of 92.51% was achieved in municipal wastewater. • The novel system could efficiently treat low COD/N municipal wastewater. Biological nitrogen removal of wastewater with low COD/N ratio could be enhanced by the addition of wasted sludge fermentation liquid (SFL), but the performance is usually limited by the introducing ammonium. In this study, the process of using SFL was successfully improved by involving anammox process. Real municipal wastewater with a low C/N ratio of 2.8–3.4 was treated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR was operated under anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic (AOA) mode and excess SFL was added into the anoxic phase. Stable short-cut nitrification was achieved after 46d and then anammox sludge was inoculated. In the stable period, effluent total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) was less than 4.3 mg/L with removal efficiency of 92.3%. Further analysis suggests that anammox bacteria, mainly affiliated with Candidatus_Kuenenia, successfully reduced the external ammonia from the SFL and contributed approximately 28%–43% to TIN removal. Overall, this study suggests anammox could be combined with SFL addition, resulting in a stable enhanced nitrogen biological removal.     

亚硝酸盐不同生成方式对短程硝化反硝化除磷颗粒系统的影响

为了探究亚硝酸盐生成方式对短程硝化反硝化除磷颗粒系统的影响,采用2组同规格SBR反应器分别在连续和间歇曝气方式下使亚硝酸盐连续生成和间歇生成,考察其运行过程中脱氮除磷效果、污泥物理特性和微生物群落结构.结果表明,亚硝酸盐间歇生成后随即消耗,具有更好和更稳定的脱氮除磷性能,特别在TN去除上,第72 d后TN平均去除率为92.07%.碳源利用效率（以P/COD计）集中在0.21~0.22mg·mg^-1,碳源利用充分,进一步促进反硝化除磷.颗粒粒径分布集中,大小均匀,具有规则的形状和清晰的边界.微生物群落分析表明,亚硝酸盐间歇生成的系统微生物群落丰富度和多样性更高,同时富集了更多DPAOs菌属（Dechloromonas和Pseudomonas）,与Nitrosomonas共同作用使短程硝化与反硝化除磷达到动态平衡,实现系统稳定运行.     

两种PPCPs对雅鲁藏布江沉积物硝化作用的影响

为了掌握药物及个人护理用品（pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs）对高海拔河流氮转化过程的影响,采用沉积物泥浆实验方法,研究了磺胺甲唑（sulfamethoxazole,SMX）和甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯（2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate,EHMC）在不同浓度下（0.01、0.1、1.0、10和100 μg·L^-1）对雅鲁藏布江沉积物硝化作用的影响.所有处理组均显著降低了硝化速率,SMX和EHMC共暴露诱导了最大抑制率,达到66%.所有SMX和EHMC处理组均显著抑制了氨单加氧酶（ammonia monooxygenase,AMO）活性和amoA基因丰度,SMX单独及其与EHMC联合诱导了比EHMC更强的抑制效应.SMX单独或与EHMC联合暴露显著抑制了沉积物中的羟胺氧化酶（hydroxylamine oxidase,HAO）活性及hao基因丰度,共暴露的抑制效应更强,而单独EHMC处理增加了HAO活性和hao基因丰度.结果表明,PPCPs影响了高海拔河流沉积物中硝化菌群的活性,抑制了硝化过程,联合暴露进一步增加了水生态系统中氮负荷压力.     

城市污水处理厂进水氨氧化菌对活性污泥系统的季节性影响

为考察进水氨氧化菌（AOB）对活性污泥系统的季节性影响,对未设置初沉池的西安市第二污水处理厂中进水及活性污泥的氨氧化活性及群落结构进行长期调查分析.结果表明,进水及活性污泥的比氨氧化速率（SAUR）分别为0.48~3.02 mg·（g·h）^-1和0.68~2.25 mg·（g·h）^-1,相关性分析结果显示进水SAUR与次月活性污泥SAUR高度相关（r=0.862,P<0.05）,表明进水硝化菌对活性污泥硝化性能有显著影响.根据硝化活性计算的进水AOB对活性污泥的接种强度为0.21~0.92 g·（g·d）^-1,因此,在优化活性污泥模型及污水厂设计时,有必要考虑到进水硝化菌的迁移作用.qPCR结果显示,进水及活性污泥中AOB丰度分别为1.32×10⁸~2.36×10⁹cells·g^-1和1.12×10¹⁰~1.19×10¹⁰ cells·g^-1,而冬季活性污泥中AOB丰度虽有降低,但仍保持在10¹⁰ cells·g^-1,这说明进水硝化菌的迁移能缓解因温度降低而导致的活性污泥硝化菌丰度下降.Illumina MiSeq测序结果表明,进水和活性污泥中具有共同的优势AOB,分为Nitrosomonas sp.Nm58、Nitrosomonas sp.JL21和bacterium CYCU-0253.     

纯种氨氧化细菌Comamonas aquatic LNL3的固定化及短程硝化性能研究

采用辐射技术,以共聚物Poly(HEA)-Poly(HEMA)为载体将纯种AOB-Comamonas aquaticLNL3固定化,研究了固定化纯种AOB在不同温度、pH、DO、FA条件下的短程硝化性能.结果表明,纯种AOB-Comamonas aquaticLNL3具有短程硝化性能,固定化纯种AOB-Comamonas aquaticLNL3的短程硝化反应的最佳温度、pH、DO、FA分别为30℃、8.5、4.03 mg/L和9 mg/L,相应的氨氮去除率和亚硝化率分别为93.52%、94.73%;79.74%、94.67%;91.17%、94.66%和90%、94.4%,FA对短程硝化亚硝化率影响不大.     

全自养硝化污泥的颗粒化过程研究

利用SBR反应器,以浓度(以N计,下同)120～650 mg/L的自配氨氮废水,在0.48～3.60 kg/(m3.d)的氨氮负荷下,探讨了自养硝化颗粒污泥的形成过程.结果表明,以硝化污泥接种,氨氮负荷为0.48 kg/(m3.d),温度为30℃±2℃,逐渐缩短沉淀时间至10 min的条件下,硝化颗粒可以在第22 d形成,并在第43 d进入相对稳定期,平均粒径达到500μm左右.颗粒污泥的平均粒径变化经历了迟滞期、快速增长期和稳定期3个阶段.污泥平均粒径由接种污泥的127μm增长到稳定期的500μm左右.在快速增长期,平均粒径增长速度可达12μm/d.成熟颗粒污泥的形状规则、分界清晰,分布有大量杆菌,粒径300μm的颗粒污泥所占比例达74.6%,污泥相中已基本没有絮状污泥.污泥在颗粒化过程中,颜色由接种污泥的灰褐色转变为颗粒污泥的黄红色.硝化颗粒污泥表面分布有大量杆菌和块状的EPS结构.