硅胶腕带被动采集多环芳烃的可行性分析

多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）对人体危害巨大,目前关于人体暴露于大气环境PAHs研究主要以主动采样方式开展。硅胶腕带作为一种新的大气被动采样装置,具有体积小、价格低、耐磨耐热、无毒无味等优点,适合人体环境暴露监测。国际上研究刚起步,尚未建立完善的腕带被动采样与主动采样技术之间的定量关系。本研究于2019年秋冬季和2021年冬季在西安市城区,同时开展硅胶腕带被动采样与大气主动采样对低分子量（MW＜203 g·mol^?1）PAHs的对比实验,力求建立两者的联系。2019年和2021年西安冬季大气中低分子量PAHs浓度分别为(52.81±14.76) ng·m^?3和(134.59±39.48) ng·m^?3,与前人研究相当。相对应的腕带浓度为(183.07±40.43) ng·d^?1和(524.99±150.32) ng·d^?1。Pearson相关分析发现：萘、苊烯、1-甲基萘、2-甲基萘、荧蒽以及总PAHs的主、被动采样之间显著相关（P＜0.05）,相关系数均大于0.4,证明硅胶腕带被动采样方法适用于低分子量PAHs的人体暴露监测。     

聚氯乙烯和橡胶中化学成分的浸出行为及生态毒性

为探究塑料中化学成分的浸出行为及其生态毒性,以环境中广泛存在的聚氯乙烯(PVC)和橡胶(CTR)为研究对象,筛选25种有机塑化剂和15种金属作为目标物质,分析其在PVC和CTR材料中的浸出潜能,利用大型溞的急性致死效应和慢性亚致死效应(心率、胸肢跳动和游泳活性)表征了PVC和CTR浸出液的生态毒性效应。结果表明,PVC和CTR浸出液中共检出21种化学成分,其中邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DiBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-甲氧基)乙酯(DMEP)、双酚A(BPA)、双酚F(BPF)、Ca和Zn的浸出浓度较高。CTR中浸出的塑化剂和金属总浓度分别是PVC的8.8倍和1.2倍,且CTR中浸出的新型塑化剂BPF浓度达到3.51μg/g,显著高于BPA的浸出浓度。对比不同条件下浸出的物质量差异,发现光照能够加速PVC和CTR中DiBP、Zn和Ca等物质的释放,其赋存状态还受到细菌作用的干扰。CTR浸出液对大型溞的急性致死效应明显,48h半数致死浓度(LC₅₀)为浸出原液的19.1%。慢性暴露条件下,PVC浸出液对大型溞心率、胸肢跳动和游泳活性产生明显抑制作用,并造成大型溞肢体肥大。PVC和CTR等塑料颗粒不断排放,并在环境中累积,其生物毒害效应不容忽视。     

关于GB25037-2010《工矿靴》标准和HG／T2401—1992标准的探讨

本文主要介绍了GB25037-2010和HG／T2401—1992的区别．并对GB25037-2010提出一些修改意见。     

反机场跑道润滑技术研究

反机场跑道润滑是一种新概念非致命性武器技术.本文以硬脂酸、甲基硅油及其他添加剂在常压下合成了一种新型硅油脂,并将其与几种常用润滑剂进行润滑摩擦系数的实验对比.通过摩擦学实验得到了0～72 h内其摩擦系数的变化曲线,并从分子结构角度对实验结果进行理论分析.结果表明,在对混凝土-橡胶轮胎摩擦副的润滑中,自制硅油脂可以使其摩擦系数保持在制动困难状态(μ≤0.35),并且可以维持较长时间(t≥72 h).综合各因素,它在机场跑道润滑过程中具有明显的优势,具有军事应用前景.     

Visualization of the Malleability of the Rubber Core of Rubber Particles from Parthenium argentatum Gray and Other Rubber-Producing Species Under Extremely Cold Temperatures

Rubber particles from Parthenium argentatum Gray (guayule) were frozen in liquid nitrogen (–196°C), fractured, and visualized using cryo-scanning electron microscopy. We observed that the rubber polymer core of the rubber particles was still malleable at this extremely cold temperature, and the core stretched substantially during separation of the fracture planes. This malleability was observed in situ in tissue sections, as well as in purified rubber particles, and was found to be independent of purification procedure, guayule line, tissue age, or season. The malleability or stretching phenomenon suggests that P. argentatum rubber has some unique properties because rubber particles from Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. and Ficus elastica Roxb. were brittle at this temperature, fractured cleanly, or showed only tiny threads of material pulling out of the core.     

莱钢煤气柜密封帘破损分析及对策

对莱钢炼钢厂2万m^2煤气柜密封橡胶布帘破损原因进行分析的基础上，提出了有效的预防措施，效果显著。     

SMA绞线-叠层橡胶复合支座结构的动力反应

为了改进现有普通叠层橡胶支座的隔震效果，利用形状记忆合金的超弹性，将SMA绞线加入叠层橡胶支座中，形成了SMA绞线-叠层橡胶复合支座。分析了SMA绞线-叠层橡胶复合支座的工作原理，建立了其力学分析模型，并进行了应用SMA绞线-叠层橡胶复合支座的结构动力反应分析，导出了加速度衰减比尺。与位移放大比凡的理论形式，并利用具体算例，研究了频率比和阻尼比对结构隔震效果的影响。结果表明，频率比越大，阻尼比越小，隔震效果越好。     

臭氧氧化-化学吸收净化橡胶恶臭废气的中试研究

以再生胶炼胶车间一生产线产生的恶臭废气为研究对象,通过中试试验考察了化学吸收、臭氧氧化及两者组合工艺对炼胶恶臭废气的净化效果,结果表明:恶臭废气经臭氧氧化预处理后,再经碱液吸收净化,其浓度低于国家排放标准;在臭氧(浓度为19×10-6)氧化时间为1～2 s、碱溶液(10%浓度)吸收时间为2～3 s的试验条件下,净化率达99%;净化系统装机功率小于2 kW/1 000 m3,运行成本小于3.7元/1 000 m3,表现出良好的工程应用前景。     

双台子河橡胶坝对支流绕阳河纳潮的影响

基于Mike11 HD和AD模块建立双台子河口区感潮河段水动力-水质耦合模型,利用实测资料对水动力、水质模型参数进行了率定和验证。利用所建模型,以夏灌期为例分析了在两种水文条件下橡胶坝对支流绕阳河纳潮的影响。结果表明,在两种水文情景下,建橡胶坝后纳潮量分别增加18.3%和16.9%,最大流量分别增加了32.7%和31.2%。盐度分析表明修建橡胶坝对绕阳河纳潮盐度变化影响不大,可满足苇田灌溉对盐度的要求。研究结果可为盘锦双台子河口苇田科学灌溉、促进增产提供技术支持。     

Explosibility and thermal decomposition behavior of nitrile rubber dust in industrial processes

The formation of nitrile rubber (NBR) dust clouds during processing can lead to a potential dust explosion under certain conditions. However, the potential explosion hazard posed by NBR dust is usually overlooked by enterprises. In this paper, the explosive properties of NBR dust are investigated using a Hartmann tube, a G-G furnace, and a 20 L explosion chamber. The results showed that NBR dust could cause explosions severe enough to be classified as St-1. In addition, the thermal decomposition behavior of NBR dust under combustion conditions was investigated using a combination of thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR). The results indicated that in the early stage, NBR dust mainly undergoes self-thermal decomposition to produce a large amount of combustible gas, which combines with oxygen to form a mixed gas and cause a gas-phase explosion. In addition, the participation of oxygen could lower the initial temperature of NBR dust thermal decomposition. As a result, decomposition occurred more quickly and a large amount of combustible gas was produced, thus expanding the range of dust explosions. Furthermore, these combustible gases exhibit varying degrees of toxicity, seriously affecting the life and health safety of relevant personnel. This work provides theoretical guidance for the development of safe procedures to prevent and address problems during NBR dust processing in enterprises.