人因视角下地铁施工管理环境因子识别的研

为了深入挖掘地铁施工过程中管理环境对施工人员不安全行为的影响,从管理硬环境和软环境两个方面进行研究,从而有效控制人的不安全行为产生。采用现场问卷调查的方法,结合SPSS17.0软件对地铁施工管理环境因子进行多元统计分析,同时采用因子分析的方法,在所选取的20个变量中提取出5个公因子,利用因子得分进行多元回归分析。结果表明:在所提出的5个公因子中,第一类公因子代表施工环境;第二类公因子地质环境;第三类公因子代表规章制度管理环境;第四类公因子代表信息管理环境;第五类公因子代表知识管理环境,这5类公因子对地铁施工管理环境的贡献度分别为34.22%、25.97%、19.85%、14.27%、5.69%。     

Magnetophoretic separation of Chlorella sp.: Role of cationic polymer binder

Cationic polyelectrolyte promoted effective attachment of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) onto microalgal cells through electrostatic attraction. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and chitosan (ChiL), both are cationic polymer, are feasible to act as binding agent to promote rapid magnetophoretic separation of Chlorella sp. through low gradient magnetic separation (LGMS) with field gradient ▿B less than 80 T/m in real time. Cell separation efficiency up to 98% for the case of PDDA and 99% for the case of ChiL can be achieved in 6 min when 3 × 10⁷ cells/mL Chlorella sp. are exposed to 300 mg/L surface functionalized-IONPs (SF-IONPs). Different polyelectrolytes do not give significant effect on cell separation efficiency as long as the particle attachment occurred. However, the PDDA is more preferable as the binder for all type of microalgae medium than the chitosan (ChiL) since it is not pH dependent. SF-IONPs coated with PDDA guarantee the cell separation performance for all pH range of cell medium, with 98.21 ± 0.40% at pH 8.84. On the other hand, the ChiL performance will be affected by the cell medium pH, with only 22.93 ± 31.03% biomass recovery at pH 9.25.     

烟花爆竹工程外部最小允许距离分析

外部最小允许距离是《烟花爆竹工程设计安全规范》(GB 50161)中的一个很重要的术语和参数,在烟花爆竹工程设计、验收和安全评价等活动中处于十分重要的地位。解释了标准中外部最小允许距离的定义内涵和外延,强调了最小允许距离的承载主体是危险品生产区厂房、危险品总仓库区仓库等1.1级、1.3级建构筑物,分析了确定最小允许距离的理论依据和前提条件,为标准使用者理解和应用外部最小允许距离术语提供了全面和深入分析。针对目前参数使用中的实际问题,提出了标准修订建议。     

软弱底板特厚煤层综放面矿压特征研究与应用

水帘洞煤矿3802工作面是彬长矿区首个采用8m小区段煤柱护巷、面临软弱底板问题的特厚煤层工作面,生产条件复杂,类似开采技术经验较少。针对此问题,采用岩石物理力学性质测试和计算机数值模拟等手段,明确软弱底板对综放面矿压影响机理;通过现场实测,对3802工作面矿压特征和覆岩移动规律等进行研究,结果表明,软弱底板条件下特厚煤层综放面较一般底板下特厚煤层综放面矿压显现特征不同,软弱底板吸收能量,将应力转移到深处,一定程度上消除了冲击地压危险,同时矿山压力显现平缓不明显,动载系数小。现场实测结果表明巷道围岩稳定,研究结果可以在类似条件下推广应用。     

Charge and separation characteristics of nanofiltration membrane embracing dissociated functional groups

The current work focused on the investigation of charge and separation characteristics of nanofiltration （NF） membrane embracing dissociated functional groups under different electrolyte solutions. The electro-kinetic method was carried out to assess the membrane volume charge density （X） with different salt concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mol. m-3 and different electrolyte species, such as type 1-1, type 2-1 and type 3-1. The Donnan steric pore model-dielectric exclusion （DSPM- DE） model was employed to evaluate the separation characteristics of the NF membrane for wide range of electrolyte concentration （from 25.7 to 598.9mol·m^-3）. The results indicated that the dissociation of the hydro- philic functional groups and the specific adsorption contributed to charge formation on membrane surface. The former played a dominant role in type 1-1 and type 2-1 electrolytes at dilute aqueous solutions （0.1-0.5 mol · m^3）. However, for type 3-1 electrolyte, specific adsorp- tion should contribute to the charge effect to a large extent. Moreover, the correlation between the volume charge density and feed concentration was in accordance with Freundlich isotherm. Furthermore, it was found that the separation characteristic of NF membrane could be evaluated well by DSPM-DE model coupling with electro-kinetic method in a whole concentration range.     

横截面形状对旋风分离器性能影响的数值模拟

采用CFD商业计算软件FLUENT对横截面形状影响旋风分离器性能的情况进行了数值模拟。模拟中,气相采用雷诺应力湍流模型RSM封闭N-S方程,固相采用基于Euler-Lagrange方法的离散相模型DPM。通过对旋风分离器圆形、八边形、七边形、六边形、五边形、四边形横截面形状的比较,模拟并分析了分离器两个主要性能分离效率和压力损失的变化规律,提出了横截面为八边形的分离器的相对优势,可用于传统旋风分离器结构型式的设计和优化。     

大变形巷道弹性锚喷混凝土耦合支护技术研究及应用

为提高层理地质条件下大变形巷道的稳定性,延长巷道使用寿命,采用具有较大变形承载能力的喷钢纤维混凝土与弹性锚杆耦合支护技术加固围岩。首先研究层理状地质条件下高应力软岩巷道的破坏特点及规律,确立支护结构和时效耦合的关系,并通过钢纤维混凝土试样的动静荷载试验,研究混凝土强度与钢纤维掺量的关系,得到喷钢纤维混凝土合理的钢纤维掺量。此外,针对大变形巷道开挖初期变形量大、破坏速度快的特点,设计具有让压吸能作用的新型弹性锚杆,并将此弹性锚杆结合喷钢纤维混凝土技术进行工业试验,试验的位移监测结果表明:该方案位移量比原方案减小约50%,且支护10个月后未出现裂缝。     

教研楼火灾逃生疏散最优通风方式数值试验研究

高校教研楼潜在火灾源与高密度人流共存,火灾逃生疏散是保障灾后人身安全的重要环节。为探索火灾逃生疏散最优逃生条件,应用流体动力学分析软件FLUENT,数值分析防火分隔导致多种通风方式的起火分区温度、烟气场分布规律,研究火场逃生疏散的最优通风方式。结果表明,火灾初期开启防火分隔设施更有利于人员逃生疏散;关闭防火分隔设施条件下,防排烟系统开启略优于关闭;研究背景条件下,开启防火分隔为逃生疏散最优方案;火灾后关闭防火分隔设施可以控制火灾蔓延,降低财产损失,但应在确保人员安全疏散后进行。     

受限空间水幕隔热阻烟性能的试验研

为了研究消防水幕衰减火灾热辐射和阻隔火灾烟气蔓延的隔热阻烟特性,基于搭建的3 m× 3 m × 2.5 m（长×宽×高）小尺寸试验平台,开展大量实体火灾试验,研究水幕作用下空间温度分布特性以及烟气运动规律,并重点分析了喷头压力和喷头类型2种参数对水幕隔热阻烟性能的影响。结果表明:实施水幕分隔对火灾上层高温烟气具有明显的降温作用;实施水幕能够有效阻止火灾烟气的前期扩散;喷头压力越大,水幕的隔热效率越高,当喷头压力增大至0.6 MPa时,水幕的隔热效率可达70%以上;使用ZSTWC撞击式水雾喷头比ZSTM-AT式扇形水幕喷头更有利于形成均匀分布的水幕断面。     

Functional magnetic nanoparticles for facile viable but nonculturable bacteria separation and purification

Viable But Nonculturable (VBNC) Bacteria, which represent a unique population of microorganisms in drinking water systems, have become a potential threat to human health. Current studies on VBNC cells usually fail to obtain pure VBNC state bacteria, which may lead to inaccurate results. We therefore introduce a novel method of VBNC cell separation and purification in this paper. PAH-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized and found to be capable of capturing and releasing bacterial cells with high efficiency. With the aid of an additional incubation step, VBNC cells were easily isolated and purified from normal bacteria using functional MNPs. Our method represents a new technique that can be utilized in studies of VBNCs.

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