Formaldehyde degradation by UV/TiO2/O3process using continuous flow mode

The degradation of formaldehyde gas was studied using UV/TiO2/O3 process under the condition of continuous flow mode. The effects of humidity, initial formaldehyde concentration, residence time and ozone adding amount on degradation of formaldehyde gas were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the combination of ozonation with photocatalytic oxidation on the degradation of formaldehyde showed a synergetic action, e.g,, it could considerably increase decomposing of formaldehyde. The degradation efficiency of formaldehyde was between 73.6% and 79.4% while the initial concentration in the range of 1.84--24 mg/m^3 by O3/TiO2flJV process. The optimal humidity was about 50% in UV/TiO2/O3 processs and degradation of formaldehyde increases from 39.0% to 94.1% when the ozone content increased from 0 to 141 mg/m^3. Furthermore, the kinetics of formaldehyde degradation reaction could be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constant k of 46.72 mg/（m^3.min） and Langmuir adsorption coefficient K of 0.0268 m^3/mg were obtained.     

日光辐照草酸铁盐体系降解水中低浓度混合药物及产物的生物毒性评价

在太阳光辐照下以三草酸合铁酸钾为催化剂,分解H2O2产生·OH,对水中的甲硝唑、双氯芬酸钠、磺胺甲基异唑和布洛芬4种常见的痕量药物污染物间歇降解与矿化,并且对降解前后水溶液的毒性进行了评价.以体系的总有机碳为指标,探讨了H2O2的初始浓度、三草酸合铁酸钾的投加量、体系的pH值等因素对水溶液中TOC去除率的影响,确定了最佳操作条件,根据4种药物的化学结构解释了它们在水中的降解速度.以药物水溶液对小球藻的EC50值为指标,对4种药物的联合毒性,以及降解中间产物的生物毒性做出了评价.结果表明,当4种药物的初始浓度都为20mg·L-1时,降解过程适宜条件是pH值为3,H2O2的初始浓度为300mg·L-1,三草酸合铁酸钾的投加量为75mg·L-1.4种药物的降解速度为:甲硝唑布洛芬磺胺甲基异唑双氯芬酸钠.随着中间产物的生成与降解,药物水溶液的生物毒性有先增大后迅速减小的趋势.最后给出了Solar/FeOx/H2O2体系降解水中低浓度药物的表达式.     

Solar active fire clay based hetero-Fenton catalyst over a wide pH range for degradation of Acid Violet 7

Fe(Ⅲ) immobilized fire clay (Fe-FC) was prepared using ferric nitrate by solid state dispersion method and this hetero-Fenton catalyst was applied for the degradation of Acid Violet 7 (AV 7) under natural sunlight. The 26% ferric nitrate loaded fire clay was found to be most efficient. The experimental conditions such as solution pH, H₂O₂ concentration for efficient degradation of AV 7 have been determined. Unlike Fenton catalyst, Fe-FC is photoactive over a wide pH range of 3-7. This catalyst was found to be stable and reusable. The GC-MS analysis of experimental solutions during irradiation revealed the formation of 2,8-diaminonaphthalene-1,3,6-triol, 8-aminonaphthalene-1,2,3,6-tetrol, 2-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol and 2-aminobenzene-1,3-diol/5-aminonbenzene-1,3-diol/ 2-aminobenzene-1,4-diol as intermediates. The 26% ferric nitrate loaded fire clay was characterized by XRD, ICP-AES, BET surface area, FT-IR, SEM-EDS and UV-DRS studies.     

平板式太阳能光催化净水器对集雨水中Cr（Ⅵ）还原

以解决西部干旱地区集雨水深度净化为目的,研制了一款平板式太阳能光催化集雨水净水器,以低温水热法在土工布上负载了TiO2光催化剂,以C(rⅥ)为模拟污染物,分别在室内不同条件下及在太阳光下进行了光催化还原实验。结果表明,以自来水(pH=7.2)配制的浓度为0.25 mg/L的C(rⅥ)、在流量为5 L/h、光强为1 mW/cm2的条件下,出水口C(rⅥ)的还原率可达到83.57%;而在夏季太阳光的照射下,C(rⅥ)的还原率可达到95.88%,完全达到集雨水中C(rⅥ)去除的要求。该净水器具有造价低廉、操作简单、节能环保的特点,适于西北干旱农村分户使用。     

紫外消毒系统有效辐射剂量测试方法研究进展

近年来,紫外消毒技术在水处理领域的应用越来越广泛,然而关于其辐射剂量的测试方法在国内外的发展还较为缓慢,特别是目前国内还没有机构能够采用标准的生物剂量法来对紫外消毒系统内部的有效辐射剂量进行验证. 因此介绍了国际上几种主要的紫外剂量测试方法,包括生物剂量法、化学法和模型计算法,并分析了各自的优缺点和应用中存在的问题,同时探讨了几种新开发的测试方法及其应用前景,以期为紫外消毒技术在水处理领域的推广应用提供支持.     

三峡库区消落带水体CDOM中电荷转移配合物对其紫外-可见吸收光谱的影响

以三峡库区消落带水体CDOM为研究对象,基于"双生色系统"模型,采用Na BH4还原法,研究了DOM还原前后光谱曲线及特征参数变化,探究了电荷转移配合物对DOM吸收光谱的影响.结果表明,Na BH4还原处理后,可以将原来无特征峰的指数型吸光曲线分为两套具有特征吸收带的吸光曲线.4个采样点中,超过35%的DOM吸光度来自于电荷转移(chargetransfer,CT)配合物,忠县石宝寨和涪陵珍溪DOM中CT配合物作所占比例最高(50%).因此不能忽略CT配合物对CDOM吸光能力的贡献.经Na BH4还原去除CT结构后,吸光曲线出现蓝移,CDOM浓度[a(355)]降低;而断键导致DOM结构分散,分子尺寸减小,光谱斜率(S)值降低.同时,由于疏水性组分减少,表观芳香程度降低.另外,特征参数SUVA、CDOM和SR在不同DOM样本间对比时,较为稳定,而S275-295受CT影响较明显.同时,在利用短波处CDOM对DOC浓度进行反演时,CT配合物对模型建立影响不大.     

低频无极灯降解偶氮染料酸性橙7

以40 W的新型低频感应无极灯(LFEL)作为反应光源,研究了其对于水中难生化降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7)的降解效果.通过专用浸没式反应器研究了这种新型光源降解AO7的有效实验参数,并与传统汞灯光源做了降解AO7的实验对比,用GC-MS检测了主要降解产物小分子,探讨了LEEL对AO7的降解机制及反应活性物质(ROS).结果表明,LFEL对于水中的AO7染料具有较好的降解效果和较高的矿化率,在浸没式反应器中曝气量2 m3·min-1,AO7浓度为20 mg·L-1(7 L)在4 h的反应后能达到94.1%的降解率,而其降解能耗远低于传统汞灯光源.降解贡献来自于两个方面:直接吸收降解和间接通过活性物质(ROS)氧化作用.氧气是ROS的重要来源,加大曝气量会提高降解效率,反应过程中有臭氧的生成.添加淬灭剂显示,·OH对降解反应几乎无贡献,1O2和O2·-则是反应的主要活性物质.     

Photocatalytic degradation of the diazo dye naphthol blue black in water using MWCNT/Gd,N,S-TiO2 nanocomposites under simulated solar light

A simple sol–gel method was employed to prepare gadolinium, nitrogen and sulphur tridoped titania decorated on oxidised multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT/Gd,N,S-TiO₂), using titanium (IV) butoxide and thiourea as titanium and nitrogen and sulphur source, respectively. Samples of varying gadolinium loadings (0.2%, 0.6%, 1.0% and 3.0% Gd^3 +) relative to titania were prepared to investigate the effect of gadolinium loading and the amounts of carbon nanotubes, nitrogen and sulphur were kept constant for all the samples. Furthermore, the prepared nanocomposites were evaluated for the degradation of naphthol blue black (NBB) in water under simulated solar light irradiation. Higher degradation efficiency (95.7%) was recorded for the MWCNT/Gd,N,S-TiO₂ (0.6% Gd) nanocomposites. The higher photocatalytic activity is attributed to the combined effect of improved visible light absorption and charge separation due to the synergistic effect of Gd, MWCNTs, N, S and TiO₂. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis revealed a higher degree of complete mineralisation of naphthol blue black (78.0% TOC removal) which minimises the possible formation of toxic degradation by-products such as the aromatic amines. The MWCNT/Gd,N,S-TiO₂ (0.6% Gd) was fairly stable and could be re-used for five times, reaching a maximum degradation efficiency of 91.8% after the five cycles.     

布洛芬降解菌降解谱研究

以从西安污水处理厂筛选所得的3株布洛芬降解菌株I2(克雷伯氏菌)、I4(假单胞菌)和I14(不动杆菌)为研究对象,探索其生长特性及对布洛芬同系物降解的广谱性.结果表明,3株菌对7种选定的布洛芬同系物均有降解作用,但降解能力表现出一定的差异.I2、I4菌株的降解能力优于I14菌株,对7种布洛芬同系物的最高耐受浓度均在300 mg·L-1以上.3株降解菌都对布洛芬同系物中的间苯二酚有良好的耐受能力,最高耐受浓度均在1000 mg·L-1以上,I2菌株甚至达到2500 mg·L-1;3株降解菌对于邻苯二酚、对苯二酚的耐受程度最差,其中,I14菌株在对苯二酚达到100 mg·L-1时就会死亡.I2、I4菌株可作为布洛芬及其同系物降解的优良备选菌株,用于进一步研究多重污染治理的方式.     

Comparison between UV and VUV photolysis for the pre- and post-treatment of coking wastewater

In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%–35.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand (COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD₅/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%–47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺–N), 17% more nitrite nitrogen (NO₂⁻–N), and 18% more total nitrogen (TN) than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen (NO₃⁻–N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent.