低强度紫外线催化降解活性艳红X-3B溶液研究

研究了低强度紫外线对活性艳红X 3B溶液的处理效果 ,考察了紫外线波长、溶液pH、起始浓度、催化剂用量、温度及曝气条件对染料降解的影响。结果表明 ,36 5nm紫外线 (UV3 65nm)的处理效果明显优于 2 5 4nm紫外线 (UV2 54nm) ,反应最适pH为 3 0～ 5 0 ,最佳TiO2 投加量为 2 0g/L ,最适温度为 4 0℃ ,通入空气或氧气均能加速活性艳红X 3B的降解。在上述条件下 ,起始浓度为 5 0mg/L的活性艳红X 3B在 1 5 0min内可完全分解     

UV/Fenton氧化降解水溶液中甲基叔丁基醚的试验研究

采用UV／Fenton技术对污染水体中的甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）进行了氧化降解试验。结果表明，在室温条件下，当H2O2为10mmol／L，FC＋为2mmol／L，pH为2．4时，起始摩尔浓度为1mmol／L的MTBE在30min内可去除99％；结果还显示了MTBE的降解分两个阶段，第一阶段是在UV／Fe^2＋／H2O2下的快速降解，第二阶段由于Fe^2＋的大量消耗而降解相对较慢。     

An experimental test of female choice relative to male structural coloration in eastern bluebirds

Several experimental studies have shown that female birds use ornamental melanin and carotenoid plumage coloration as criteria in mate choice. Whether females choose mates based on natural variation in structural coloration, however, has not been well established. Male eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) display brilliant ultraviolet (UV)-blue plumage coloration on their head, back, wings, and tail, which is positively correlated with condition, reproductive effort, and reproductive success. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that female eastern bluebirds prefer as mates males that display brighter structural coloration by presenting breeding-condition females with males of variable coloration. We conducted two types of mate-choice experiments. First, females chose between males whose coloration was manipulated within the natural range of variation in the population; feathers were either brightened with violet marker or dulled with black marker. Second, females chose between males with naturally dull or bright plumage coloration. In both manipulated and unmanipulated coloration trials, female choice did not differ significantly from random with respect to structural coloration. We found no support for the hypothesis that the UV–blue coloration of male eastern bluebirds functions as a criterion in female mate choice.     

The diet of juvenile lake trout Salmo trutta L. in rivers of the Onega basin in autumn

The diet of juvenile trout and the state of their food resources in autumn (September–November) were studied in two typical small rivers tributary to Lake Onega (Karelia) in 2003. The relationship between the composition of food objects among benthic and drifting invertebrates and the food spectrum of trout was analyzed. The results show that before freeze-up, despite the disappearance of aerial and terrestrial insects, juveniles trout continue active feeding. However, their feeding priorities change: they begin to take food objects directly from the bottom, as well as from the water surface and within the water column.     

半饱和褐煤活性焦预吸附—生物降解—褐煤活性焦吸附组合工艺处理稠油废水的中试研究

为解决稠油废水的达标排放问题,构建了半饱和褐煤活性焦(HSLAC)预吸附—生物降解—褐煤活性焦吸附组合工艺处理稠油废水的中试装置(5 m3/h)。稠油废水经已吸附生化出水的HSLAC吸附预处理后,生物降解出水COD均值大幅降至82.49 mg/L,总出水COD均值为39.22 mg/L,实现了出水达标(COD≤50 mg/L)。三维荧光光谱分析表明,经HSLAC吸附预处理后,生化出水中溶解性有机碳浓度较未经吸附预处理时大幅降低,石油类和腐殖质是生化难降解的有机物。HSLAC预吸附可大幅降低处理成本。     

机动车排放细颗粒物精细化源谱构建及应用

利用真空瓶现场采样并结合单颗粒气溶胶质谱(SPAMS)技术,对主流品牌汽油车和柴油车排放细颗粒物进行组分分析和源谱构建。结果表明：汽、柴油车尾气源谱特征整体较为相似,相似度均值达到0.88,均以碳和钙为主要特征组分;部分柴油车特征源谱中硫酸盐特征较为明显,碳组分中OC特征突出;汽油车源谱特征中磷酸盐特征相对突出,且碳组分中短链元素碳占比较高。根据建立的源谱进行实际道路观测,结合风速、风向等气象要素分析,2021年2月1日—24日观测点位对应的移动源占比为33.5%,其中汽油车贡献21.0%,柴油车贡献12.5%。     

高锰酸钾与氯胺联合预氧化强化低温低浊水处理

为了探讨对低温、低浊水更为有效的预氧化技术,通过小试考察了高锰酸钾与氯胺联合预氧化工艺在助凝、助滤、去除有机物及减少氯化消毒副产物方面的效能.结果表明:与单独氯胺预氧化工艺相比,高锰酸钾与氯胺联合预氧化具有明显的强化助凝和助滤作用,在最佳质量浓度时,可使沉后及滤后水浊度去除率分别达到94%和98%以上;并具有明显地降低沉后有机污染指标的效能,使沉后水中UV254和CODMn指标分别降低23%和32%;还能够有效地控制THMs的生成,KMnO4质量浓度为2 mg/L时,THMs去除率达85.2%,同时还可去除CHBr2Cl、CHBr3两种副产物.因此高锰酸钾与氯胺联合预氧化是一种对低温低浊水十分有效的水处理技术.     

家庭生活用水处理方法的研究

论述了自来水和地下水的二次污染现状和主要危害,介绍和分析了常用的水深度处理技术,探讨了家庭生活用水处理工艺的原则,提出了一种新型的超滤膜与紫外线消毒相结合的家庭生活用水处理方法.     

厚软场地的地震动特征及设计反应谱研究

根据场地土层静、动力性能参数的原位测试和动三轴试验结果,进行厚软场地土层地震反应分析,研究厚软场地的地震动效应及地震动特性,并结合工程实例讨论了对应不同地震设防水平(50年超越概率63%、10%和3%)厚软场地的设计反应谱,分析了现行规范设计反应谱应用的局限性,成果对相关工程也有借鉴作用。     

三峡升船机上闸首结构动力试验研究及数值分析

采用振动台动力模型试验和有限元数值计算相结合的方法，对结构－岩基－库水系统的动力反应进行了分析，并应用于三峡升船机上闸首结构，结果表明：模型试验反映出的应力、变形规律是合理的，有限元计算的应力分布规律和试验基本一致，并且量值接近，这也说明了本文试验及计算成果的正确性与可靠性，本文的一些结论可作为结构设计的参考